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PHRM 845 > L58 - Sedative, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics. pt 1 > Flashcards

L58 - Sedative, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics. pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Calms anxiety, decreases excitement and activity, does not produce drowsiness, or impair performance.
A. Sedative
B. Anxiolytic
C. Hypnotic
D. Narcotic

A

A

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2
Q

Antianxiety, relieves anxiety without sleep or sedation (not all anxiolytics are sedatives)
A. Sedative
B. Anxiolytic
C. Hypnotic
D. Narcotic

A

B

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3
Q

Induces sleep, implies restful, refreshing sleep, not “hypnotized!”, natural sleep (medial use term: sleeping-inducing)
A. Sedative
B. Anxiolytic
C. Hypnotic
D. Narcotic

A

C

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4
Q

Actually means “sleep producing”, now refers to opioids or illegal drugs
A. Sedative
B. Anxiolytic
C. Hypnotic
D. Narcotic

A

D

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5
Q

the reticular formation extends through the central core of what 3 brain structures

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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6
Q

3 stages of sleep (in order)

A

wakefulness
NonREM
REM

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7
Q

what neurotransmitters are biological regulators of sleep?

A

it says almost all and theres like so i aint typing all that just know its all of the major ones except dopamine

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8
Q

what neuromodulators are biological regulators of sleep? (5)

A

growth hormone
prolactin
cortisol
melatonin - no shit
endogenous peptides

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9
Q

what receptor is a pentameric structure comprised of 5 subunits from several polypeptide classes

A

GABA-A

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10
Q

~50% of total GABA-A receptors
A. GABA-A a1
B. GABA-A a2
C. GABA-A a3
D. GABA-A a5

A

A. GABA-A a1

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11
Q

Ubiquitous anatomical distribution.
A. GABA-A a1
B. GABA-A a2
C. GABA-A a3
D. GABA-A a5

A

A. GABA-A a1

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12
Q

Anatomical distribution is in hippocampus
A. GABA-A a1
B. GABA-A a2
C. GABA-A a3
D. GABA-A a5

A

D. GABA-A a5

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13
Q

Anatomical Distribution found in cortex, limbic system, spinal cord
A. GABA-A a1
B. GABA-A a2
C. GABA-A a3
D. GABA-A a5

A

B and C

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14
Q

is most closely affiliated with addiction properties
A. GABA-A a1
B. GABA-A a2
C. GABA-A a3
D. GABA-A a5

A

B. GABA-A a2

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15
Q

GABA-A Receptor/Chloride Ion Channel Complex:
Targets for _______-________

A

sedative-hypnotics

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16
Q

GABA-A Receptor/Chloride Ion Channel Complex:
what 2 receptors are at the orthosteric site?

A

GABA a1
GABA B2

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17
Q

GABA-A Receptor/Chloride Ion Channel Complex:
3 most common receptors

A

2a1, 2B2, 1y2

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18
Q

GABA-A Receptor/Chloride Ion Channel Complex:
what 2 receptors are at the allosteric site?

A

a1 and y2

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19
Q

Ligands Acting at the BZD Receptor:
Benzodiazepines: Facilitate _____ action, increase ________

A

GABA, frequency

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20
Q

Ligands Acting at the BZD Receptor:
Non-Benzos: (__________): zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone - __ receptors of __ (sorry i didnt know how else to make this card)

A

Z-hypnotics
BZ1 of a1

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21
Q

BZD Antagonist: __________, overdose tx

A

Flumazenil

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22
Q

T or F: BZDs increase the duration of GABA-A channels opening

A

False, frequency

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23
Q

What drug class increases duration of channel opening?

A

Barbiturates

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24
Q

What drug class has DIRECT effects on GABA-A receptor in high doses

25
SAR of Benzos: what structural change is the source of active metabolites of benzos? **
1 position alkylation
26
SAR of Benzos: Annealing the 1-2 bond with an "electron rich" ring (triazole or imidazole) yields high affinity and decreased half-life
this isnt a question i just put it in here to read it so i understand wtf it means
27
T or F: Diazepam has a long half-life
true
28
Tx of convulsive disorders (seizures), accumulation of metabolites A. Flurazepam B. Quazepam C. Diazepam D. Chlordiazepoxide
C. Diazepam
29
T or F: diazepam has a slow elimination rate
True
30
T or F: Clonazepam has a rapid elimination rate
False, intermediate
31
T or F: Midazolam has a rapid elimination rate
True
32
Used as an anticonvulsant. A. Alprazolam B. Clonazepam C. Oxazepam D. Temazepam
B. Clonazepam
33
Rapid Anesthesia A. Clonazepam B. Diazepam C. Lorazepam D. Midazolam
D. Midazolam
34
Usage of slow elimination benzos (1 thing underlined)
active metabolites
35
T or F: Benzos have more CNS effects as you increase dose than barbiturates do
False, barbiturates are much more dangerous
36
T or F: Benzos decrease REM
True for some reason
37
T or F: Benzos increase stage 3 and 4 of NREM sleep
False, decreases and i have no idea if this is a good or bad thing
38
T or F: benzos have anticonvulsant activity
duh
39
T or F: Side effects of benzos are dose dependent
no shit
40
3 side effects listed under sedation for benzos
confusion, ataxia, daytime sedation
41
precautions with benzos (3.5)
other sedatives alcohol (another sedative) Pregnancy and breastfeeding
42
T or F: Barbiturates have higher abuse potential than benzos
true
43
what drug is used to treat benzo overdose?
Flumazenil (romazicon)
44
two side effects under flumazenil with a * next to them
panic attacks and induce convulsions
45
where do z-hypnotics act
bzd binding site (BZ1 receptor)
46
Short-term tx of insomnia A. Zolpidem B. Zaleplon C. Eszopiclone
A and B
47
Long term tx of insomnia A. Zolpidem B. Zaleplon C. Eszopiclone
C. Eszopiclone
48
T or F: Z-hypnotics cause more negative effects on sleep patterns vs BZD
False, less
49
FDA warning to pts on z-hypnotics
sleep-driving sleep-cooking sleep-eating sleep-sex
50
Long acting anticonvulsant A. Phenobarbital B. Mephobarbital C. Pentobarbital
A. Phenobarbital
51
Short to intermediate acting sedative-hypnotic A. Phenobarbital B. Mephobarbital C. Pentobarbital
C. Pentobarbital
52
T or F: Barbiturates have a risk of respiratory depression
True
53
Bind to all GABA-A a1-5 receptors A. Barbiturates B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
A and B
54
increase duration of GABA-A channel opening A. Barbiturates B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
A. barbiturates
55
increase frequency of GABA-A channel opening A. Barbiturates B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
56
has direct effects on GABA-A channel in high doses A. Barbiturates B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
A. Barbiturates
57
Bind to GABA-A BZD receptors of a1 A. Barbiturates B. Benzos C. Z-hypnotics
C. Z-hypnotics
58

PHRM 845 (34 decks)

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