L6: Ground Tissue System

Question 1

Ground tissue system

Answer 1

all plant body tissues that are not part of the vascular or dermal tissue system

Question 2

What does the ground tissue system consist of?

Answer 2

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

Question 3

ground tissue parts in the stem, leaves, and roots

Answer 3

stems - cortex and pith
leaves - mesophyll
roots - cortex (pith in monocots)

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

region of primary ground tissue of a stem or root, inside the epidermis, outside the vascular tissue

Question 5

pith

Answer 5

region of primary ground tissue in the center of a stem or root, within the vascular tissue

Question 6

mesophyll

Answer 6

the ground tissue of a leaf, between the upper and lower epidermis and interspersed with the vascular bundles

Question 7

How to determine parenchyma cell type

Answer 7

cell wall - usually primary only, uniformly thickened
Cell shape - simple, isodiametric shape with intercellular air spaces
maturity - dead
cytoplasm - dense or vacuolated
distribution throughout plant - found all over plant (not in epidermis)

Question 8

parenchyma cells are classified by _________

Answer 8

function

Question 9

different classifications of parenchyma cells

Answer 9

storage, secretory, chlorenchyma and leaf mesophyll, aerenchyma

Question 10

storage parenchyma

Answer 10

storage that accumulate starch, protein, water, oil, tannins, or crystals

Question 11

secretory parenchyma

Answer 11

often surrounding a duct within the tissue to facilitate secretion

Question 12

chlorenchyma and leaf mesophyll

Answer 12

photosynthesis
have many chloroplasts
often stem cortex when young

Question 13

aerenchyma

Answer 13

gas exchange
abundance of intercellular air spaces

Question 14

how to determine collenchyma cells

Answer 14

cell wall; primary only, non-uniformly thick
cell shape: elongated with overlapping end walls, rounded in cross-section
status at maturity: living
cytoplasm: vacuolated

Question 15

collenchyma functions

Answer 15

protects vasculature (conducting cells)
flexible support

Question 16

how are collenchyma cells distributed throughout the cell

Answer 16

in peripheral regions of the stem and leaf, just beneath the epidermis

Question 17

How to determine sclerenchyma cells

Answer 17

cell wall: secondary CW, varied thickening patterns based on type
cell shape: highly variable
status at maturity: usually dead
cytoplasm: not present/if living, vacuolated
distribution: throughout ground and vascular system

Question 18

Sclerenchyma cell types

Answer 18

fibers, sclereids

Question 19

fibers

Answer 19

long and narrow with pointy end walls that overlap
dead at maturity

Question 20

sclereids

Answer 20

provides support and protection
lots of shapes and in groups or alone
more pits than fibers

Question 21

bundle sheath

Answer 21

thick-walled ring of sclerenchyma fibers (encircle a vascular bundle)

Question 22

phloem cap

Answer 22

thick-walled (phloem) fibers on top of the vascular bundles (in the stem)