L2: Plant Cell Overview and Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cells or biological macromolecules

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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2
Q

What does the cell do?

A

Manufacture, structure, transit, power, storage, waste

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

all contents of a cell inside the plasma membrane, except the nucleus (includes the organelles and cytosol)

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4
Q

Cytosol

A

the liquid component of the cytoplasm, surrounding the organelles

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5
Q

Manufacture parts of the cell

A

Nucleus (head office, cytoplasm (factory floor), cytosol, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, vesicles, plastids

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6
Q

Power parts of the cell

A

plastids (chloroplasts), mitochondria, breakdown of storage organelles

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7
Q

Storage components of the cell

A

plastids (chromoplasts and leucoplasts), vacuoles, oil bodies

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8
Q

chromoplasts

A

pigment synthesis

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9
Q

Leucoplasts

A

lack pigment

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10
Q

amyloplasts

A

starch synthesis and storage

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11
Q

apoplast

A

extracellular space (outside of the plasma membrane); includes cell wall

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12
Q

symplast

A

region within the plasma membrane

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13
Q

waste components of the cell

A

Vacuole (crystals), apoplast, peroxisomes, entire cell via programmed death

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14
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down fatty acids and waste

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15
Q

structure components of the cell

A

cell wall, vacuole/cytoplasm

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16
Q

protoplast

A

plant cells that have their cell walls removed (enzymatic treatment)

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17
Q

How are new cell walls created?

A

formed during cytokinesis
microtubules carry vesicles that merge into cell plate that expands outwards until it hits the parental wall
when the cell plate fuses with the parental wall, it officially becomes a cell wall

18
Q

transit components of the cell

A

cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules), golgi, vesicles, cell wall, plasma membrane

19
Q

how does the plant do shipping and receiving?

A

via plasmodesmata, diffusion, transporters

20
Q

Intracellular

A

within a cell

21
Q

intercellular

A

between cells

22
Q

plasmodesmata

A

tiny cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells (found in primary cell walls)

23
Q

cells sharing plasmodesmata form a ______

A

symplasm

24
Q

Microscopes

A

an instrument that magnifies an object

25
Q

micrograph

A

photographs taken with a microscope

26
Q

light microscopy

A

uses photons
lower magnification potential than electron microscopy (range of scales)
can look at both living and dead materials

27
Q

Electron microscopy

A

Uses a focused beam of electrons
examine objects on a very fine scale (subcellular features)
higher magnification than light microscopy
typically dead/preserved specimens

28
Q

types of electron microscopy

A

Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy

29
Q

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

A

for visualizing surface topography (typically dead sample)
magnifies sample 1-2 million X/times

30
Q

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

A

visualizing anatomy, high magnifications for subcellular details (internal anatomy) (sample is dead)
produces 2D image that is magnified >50 million times

31
Q

Types of light microscopes

A

Dissecting/stereo, compound, confocal

32
Q

What do stains do?

A

allow us to visualize other things in the cell

33
Q

Dissecting/stereo microscopes

A

observing specimen surface features with up to 70X magnification
sample can remain alive

34
Q

Compound microscope

A

more than one lens to create magnified image up to 1000X magnification
observing specimens internal anatomy (sections)

35
Q

Confocal microscopes

A

uses laser light to scan samples that have been dyed
allows surface and internal anatomy observation without cutting the specimen (sample can remain alive_

36
Q

anatomical planes

A

planes are lines that cut/divide a specimen into different components

37
Q

Transverse plane

A

cross-section that runs through middle (cut horizontal)

38
Q

radial plane

A

along the radius

39
Q

tangential plane

A

cut to show side

40
Q

How prepared slides are made

A

Fix specimen
dehydrate specimen
embed specimen in paraffin wax or resin
section with microtome
mount sections on slide
stain
add coverslip and seal

41
Q
A