Roots 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Major functions of plant roots

A

anchoring the plant in the soil
absorption of water and nutrients
transport of water and nutrients to the rest of the plant body

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2
Q

where do roots originate

A

formed in the embryo as a radicle when initiated at the root apical meristem

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3
Q

2 main patterns for root organization

A

fibrous root and tap root

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4
Q

where do lateral roots develop

A

from the pericycle in response to chemical signals (plant hormones)

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5
Q

where do root hairs develop from

A

the epidermis

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6
Q

root hair function

A

increase root’s surface area for uptake of water and nutrients

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7
Q

where do adventitious roots develop from

A

from stems and leaves in stem cortical cells

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8
Q

roles of water in plant cells

A

structure (turgor)
cooling
photosynthesis
transport

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9
Q

apoplast

A

water movement outside the cell

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10
Q

symplast

A

water movement within the cell

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11
Q

how does water move cell to cell

A

apoplast and symplast

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12
Q

how does water move between organs (vascular tissue)

A

xylem and phloem

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13
Q

how does water move from environment to plant

A

water uptake and evaporation

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14
Q

cell types involved in water movement

A

vessel elements and tracheids (xylem) (V)
sieve tubes and companion cells (phloem) (V)
roots hairs (D)
guard cells (D)
endodermis (G)

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15
Q

roots are adapted to _______ water uptake

A

maximize

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16
Q

Intracellular route of water

A

via cell interiors, through plasmodesmata (symplast)

17
Q

Extracellular route of water

A

via cell cells (apoplast)

18
Q

Casparian strip

A

a hydrophobic barrier in the transverse and radial wall of the endodermal cells

19
Q

how is movement blocked in the apoplast

A

by the casparian strip

20
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water through the semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of higher solute concentration

21
Q

water potential

A

describes the movement of water in plants (move from area of high water potential to area of lower water potential

22
Q

what is an example of what plants do to prevent water loss to the soil

A

when the soil is dry, the aquaporins close to slow rate of water loss. During prolonged periods of drought, aquaporin gene expression can decrease in the roots.

23
Q

how do solutes move across gradients

A

the move based on concentration gradients

24
Q

root pressure

A

if the solute concentration becomes high enough, pressure can develop in the roots, especially when there is a lot of water in the soil

25
Q

what does root pressure do and what is it called

A

root pressure can drive limited amounts of water from the roots to other parts of the plant
called guttation

26
Q

T/F: guttation (root pressure) is the main mechanism plants use for water uptake or xylem transport

A

F. It is not the main mechanism