L7: Arrhythmia - Pt 1

Question 1

Def of Arrhythmia

Answer 1

Arrhythmia is an abnormality of the cardiac rhythm or rate.

Question 2

Conducting System

Answer 2

Question 3

SAN & AVN

• Symoathetic & Parasympathetic Supply

Answer 3

Question 4

SAN

• Function
• Regulation
• Electric Pathway

Answer 4

SAN is considered the pacemaker of the heart because its normal rate
* (60- 90 bpm) is faster than other cardiac muscle fibers.
——–

SAN is characterized by its own automaticity (ability to generate impulses) so
* nerve supply of the heart aims at regulation of heart rate & not initiation of rhythm.

——
Normally, the AVN allows passage of impulses from atria to ventricles but not the reverse ( no retrograde conduction)

Question 5

Classification of Arrhythmia

Answer 5

Question 6

Classification of Arrhythmia

• Regular Tachycardia

Answer 6

• Sinus tachycardia.
• Paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia :
• Atrial flutter.
• Ventricular tachycardia

Question 7

Classification of Arrhythmia

• Regular Bradycardia

Answer 7

• Sinus bradycardia.
• Nodal (junctional ) rhythm
• Partial heart block ( 1st & type Il 2nd degree heart block).
• Complete heart block ( 3rd degree heart block).

Question 8

Classification of Arrhythmia

• Irregular Rhythm

Answer 8

• Premature beats (Extrasystoles).
• Atrial fibrillation
• Type I 2nd degree heart block

Question 9

Etiology of Arrhythmia

Answer 9

Question 10

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

Answer 10

Question 11

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

• Tachyarrhythmia

Answer 11

Question 12

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

• Bradyarrhythmia

Answer 12

Question 13

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

• Exceptions

Answer 13

Question 14

Signs of Arrhythmia

• Radial Pulse

Answer 14

Question 15

Radial Pulse in Arrhythmia

• Rate

Answer 15

• Increased (Uncountable pulse) in tachy
• Decreased in bradyarrhythmia

Question 16

Radial Pulse in Arrhythmia

• rhythm

Answer 16

all are regular except AF & extrasystoles

Question 17

Radial Pulse in Arrhythmia

• Carotid Massage

Answer 17

• Dec HR in any tachyarrhythmia
• except arrhythmias that originate in the ventricle

Question 18

Radial Pulse in Arrhythmia

• Respiratory Sinus Rhythm

Answer 18

Question 19

Neck Veins in Arrhythmia

Answer 19

Question 20

Neck Veins in Arrhythmia

• Rapid A

Answer 20

in atrial tachyarrhythmias

Question 21

Neck Veins in Arrhythmia

• Loss of A

Answer 21

in atrial fibrillation

Question 22

Neck Veins in Arrhythmia

• Cannon A

Answer 22

• in any arrhythmia containing this word - + nodal
• either → paroxysmal nodal tachycardia or nodal rhythm

Question 23

Neck Veins in Arrhythmia

• Occasional A

Answer 23

• ventricular tachycardia
• complete heart block (Atria-Ventricular dissociation).

Question 24

Def of Cannon A Wave

Answer 24

Cannon A wave:
- It means severe increase of the right atrial pressure.
- It is due to ventricular contraction during atrial contraction

Question 25

Ausultation in **Arrhythmia**

Answer 25

Question 26

Ausultation in **Arrhythmia** - 1st Heart Sound

Answer 26

- Accentuated in any tachycardia. - weak in any bradycardia

Question 27

Ausultation in **Arrhythmia** - exceptions

Answer 27

* Atrial fibrillation → Variable S1 * Ventricular tachycardia → Variable S1 * Complete heart block . * Nodal rhythm---+ accentuated S1 inspit of bradycardia