L79: Reproduction 1

Question 1

Where is gene encoding for SHBG located?

Answer 1

X chromosome (think XXY Klinefelters - double the amount of SHBG, so less free T!)

Question 2

Where’s the SRY gene located?

Answer 2

Y

Question 3

When does Mieosis II resume, in the female ovary

Answer 3

upon fertilization

Question 4

What does SRY encode for?

Answer 4

Testes determining factor (TDF)

Question 5

Gonadal sex determination is
A. Hormone dependent
B. XX or XY dependent

Answer 5

B.

Question 6

Germ cells are precursors for

Answer 6

Spermatogonia or oogonia

Question 7

Coelomic epithelium is a precursor for

Answer 7

Sertoli cells and granulosa cells

Question 8

Mesenchymal cells are precursors for

Answer 8

Leydig and theca cells

Question 9

Leydig and theca cell origin?

Answer 9

Mesenchymal cell

Question 10

Sertoli cells and granulosa cell progenitor?

Answer 10

Coelomic epithelium

Question 11

In a male, the _________ develops into seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

In a female, __________ develops into secondary sex cords, oogonia, theca cells, and granulosa cells

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

You diagnose a male patient with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Which one of the following pathologies could explain the high FSH/LH with low testosterone?
A. Androgen insensitivity
B. Klinefelter's syndrome
C. Kallman's syndrome
D. Fetal pseudohermaphroditism
E. Turner's syndrome

Answer 13

A or E

Question 14

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 14

XO (gonadal dysgenesis) in utero, females need both X chromosomes to develop ovaries. Later on they can be inactivated as bar-bodies. Uterus with no ovary results.

Question 15

Big idea: maleness is

Answer 15

imposed. default is feminine program.

Question 16

Testosterone promotes the preservation of
A. Wolfian ducts
B. Mullerian ducts

Answer 16

A.

Question 17

What hormone, secreted from testes, promotes the atrophy of the mullerian duct?

Answer 17

Anti-mullerian hormone

Question 18

What enzyme makes DHT from T?

Answer 18

5-alpha reductase

Question 19

Which is NOT formed from the Wolffian duct?
A. Epididymis
B. Vas Deferens
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Ejaculatory duct
E. Leydig cells

Answer 19

E. Leydig cells (actually what promote preservation of Wolffian duct in the first place)

Question 20

BIG IDEA: Even though the female program is default, and female structures develop with out a hormone…

Answer 20

…GROWTH TO NORMAL SIZE requires estrogen in the same way that development of male genitalia requires that 2nd testosterone surge at puberty.

Question 21

In utero, after 9 weeks without ____ it will go ahead and make an ovary

Answer 21

Testes determining factor

Question 22

What does finesteride (propecia) do?

Answer 22

blocks 5-alpha reductase

Question 23

Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis

Answer 23

XXY klinefelters

Question 24

Androgen resistance produces

Answer 24

male pseudohermaphroditism

Question 25

male pseudohermaphroditism

Answer 25

female phenotype, underdeveloped female structures due to lack of estradiol, but XY genetic sex.

Question 26

21 hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 26

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 27

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of Turner's syndrome?

Answer 27

Developed Mullerian duct | Regressed Wolffian duct

Question 28

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XY patient, with loss of X-linked gene for androgen receptor?

Answer 28

Regressed Mullerian duct Regressed Wolffian duct This patient has SRY, TDF, testes, and testosterone. But T receptors absent. So Wolffian duct will regress since T cannot tell it to remain. Mullerian duct will regress too, since testes is still producing AMH.

Question 29

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XY patient, with deficient 5 alpha-reductase?

Answer 29

Regressed Mullerian duct Developed Wolffian duct ...remember 5-alpha reductase converts T to DHT. Only T is necessary to preserve Wolffian duct not DHT. This person might have underdeveloped external genitalia or something, though

Question 30

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XXY patient?

Answer 30

Developed Mullerian duct | Regressed Wolffian duct

Question 31

Female phenotype with testes

Answer 31

``` male pseudohermaphroditism (Eg. Androgen resistant patients. No pubic/axillary hair, undescended testes) ```

Question 32

male phenotype with ovaries

Answer 32

female pseudohermaphroditism

Question 33

True hermaphrodite

Answer 33

both gonadal sexes present

Question 34

Most testosterone is bound to

Answer 34

Cortisol Binding Globulin (55%) 45% is bound to SHBG 2% is free

Question 35

What is the source of all circulating DHEA

Answer 35

Adrenal cortex (reticularis)

Question 36

Do adrenal androgens (DHEA) influence male accessory organ development?

Answer 36

No.

Question 37

``` Which is the strongest androgen? A. Testosterone B. Androstenediol C. Androsterone D. Testosterone E. Di-hydrotestosterone ```

Answer 37

E.

Question 38

While only 2% of T is excreted in free form, the rest is

Answer 38

converted to 17-ketosteroids & DHT, conjugated into water soluble forms, then excreted.

Question 39

DIRECT effects of testosterone include

Answer 39

1. Development of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles. 2. Larynx (male voice lowering) 3. RBC, muscle mass, fat, bone 4. Increased VLDL and LDL, decreased HDL

Question 40

Male pattern baldness. Direct or indirect (DHT) effect of testosterone?

Answer 40

indirect (DHT)

Question 41

``` In UTERO, DHT promotes development of A. Epidydimis B. Vas Deferens C. Seminal vesicles D. Penis ```

Answer 41

D. Penis note: A, B and C are promoted by T in utero.

Question 42

``` In UTERO, T promotes development of A. Penis, urethra B. Scrotum C. Prostate D. Epidydimus ```

Answer 42

D. Epidydimus (plus vas deferens, seminal vesicles) A-C are DHT's job in utero

Question 43

In PUBERTY, T promotes development of

Answer 43

``` Penis Seminal vesicles Musculature Voice Skeleton Spermatogenesis ```

Question 44

In PUBERTY, DHT promotes development of

Answer 44

Scrotum Prostate Male pattern bear, balding, escutcheon Sebaceous glands

Question 45

Treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP)

Answer 45

5-alpha reductase inhibitor, suppress DHT thus prostate growth

Question 46

Constant high levels of GnRH is

Answer 46

INHIBITS release of FSH and LH at anterior pituitary

Question 47

Prostate cancer treatment

Answer 47

Androgen receptor blocker (flutamide) | Continuous GnRH agonist (shuts off LH)

Question 48

Testosterone only

Answer 48

``` Liver (increase VLDL & LDL, decrease HDL) RBC Muscle mass Abdominal visceral fat Larynx (male voice) Epidydymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles ```

Question 49

DHT only

Answer 49

``` Prostate Beard Growth Sebum formation Penis Scrotum Urethra Prostate ```

Question 50

T and DHT

Answer 50

Seminal vesicles