Lab 11 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

Question 1

Rickettsiaceae genera and their propagation

Answer 1

Rickettsia, Coxiella: propagate in all cell types
Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia: lymphoid cells, endothel cells
Anaplasma: in or on erythrocytes, in lymphoid cells

Question 2

Rickettsiaceae habitat, morphology and staining

Answer 2

Obligate CELL PARASITES
Arthropod vectors
Small rodents

Tiny coccoid rods, non-motile
Staining difficult
Giemsa
Köster
Stamp

Question 3

Rickettsiaceae culture and classification

Answer 3

Living cells
Embryonated eggs
Cell culture
Laboratory animals

Cell tropism, intra/extracellular propagation, vector

Question 4

Rickettsia habitat

Answer 4

Reservoir: rodents and arthropods

Question 5

R. prowazekii + vector

Answer 5

Epidemic typhus fever

Louse

Question 6

R. rickettsii + vector

Answer 6

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Ticks

Question 7

R. sibirica + vector

Answer 7

North-Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis

Ticks

Question 8

R. conorii + vector

Answer 8

Boutouneuse fever

Ticks

Question 9

Coxiella

Answer 9

Very good resistance (50 days in dust)

Inoculate into embryonated eggs

Question 10

C. burnettii

Answer 10

COXIELLA
worldwide, no vectors are needed (ticks)
Hu, Bo, Ov, Cap: Q-fever

Question 11

Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia

Answer 11

Coccoid

Tissue cultures, cannot be cultured in embryonated eggs

Question 12

E. canis

Answer 12

Ca monocytic ehrlichiosis (generalized, fever)

Question 13

E. ruminantium

Answer 13

Ru heartwater

Question 14

Neorickettsia risticii

Answer 14

Potomac horse fever

Question 15

Anaplasma

Answer 15

Ticks, ruminants

No culturing in vitro (no cell wall)

Question 16

A. marginale

Answer 16

Bo anaplasmosis (anemia)
Tropical and subtropical countries

Question 17

A. ovis

Answer 17

Cap, Ov anaplasmosis (anemia)

Question 18

A. phagocytophilum

Answer 18

Tick-borne fever of Ru

Eq granulocytic ehrlichiosis: edema, lymphadenopathy

Question 19

Chlamydia habitat and replication

Answer 19

Mucous membranes of gut, genitals and resp tract
Persistent - subclinical infection

Replication
Exists in two morphologically distinct forms:
1. Small infectious elementary body
Like a spore, resistant to harsh environmental factors

2. Larger, non-infectious reticulate body

Question 20

Chlamydia morphology and resistance

Genetic material, where does it propagate, what does it need a cell for?

Answer 20

General features: resembles virus
Has both RNA and DNA
Replication with binary fission, cell wall, metabolic enzymes
Susceptible to antibiotics, obligate intracellular
Propagate in the vacuoles of the cytoplasma of the host cell
Unique propagation cycle
Elementary body –> reticulate body
Unable to produce ATP: energy parasites

No peptidoglycan layer from cell wall but genus specific LPS

R: weak, survives in feces, fetal membranes and dust for 1-3 weeks

Question 21

Chlamydia staining

Answer 21

Gr-

Stamp staining:
Fixation
Fuchsin
Acetic acid
Malachite green

Giemsa

Question 22

Chlamydia culture and antigens

Answer 22

Living cells
5-7 day old embryonated egg
Tissue culture
Animals
Replication in vacuoles of cells

Genus specific LPS: heat resistant
Species specific protein

Question 23

Chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 23

Av psittacosis
Parrot disease, fever
Lots of mammals and Hu

Question 24

Chl. trachomatis

Answer 24

Hu: trachoma, chronic purulent conjunctivitis

Lymphogranuloma venereum: infl of urethra, vaginitis, enlargement of ln

Question 25

Chl. abortus

Answer 25

Ov, Cap, Bo, Su: abortion

Question 26

Chl. felis

Answer 26

Fe conjunctivitis

Question 27

Chl. pecorum

Answer 27

Ru arthritis, pneumonia, encephalomyelitis

Question 28

Chl. pneumoniae

Answer 28

Hu pneumonia

Question 29

Mycoplasma habitat | Eperythrozoon, Haemobartonella

Answer 29

Mucous membranes (resp, alimentary, genital tract) of Hu and animals like rodents, Ru, Su, arthropods On ERYTHROCYTES plants

Question 30

Mycoplasma morphology, resistance, staining

Answer 30

``` Smallest bacteria Pleomorphic (NO CELL WALL) Pear shaped Long branching filaments R: weak ``` Gr- Giemsa No cell wall

Question 31

Mycoplasma culture

Answer 31

``` Fastidious, horse serum (sterols, FAs) Yeast extract, DNA, lactalbumin hydrolysate, urea, cysteine No turbidity Typical colony takes 7-14 days to form CO2 need ``` ``` Selective isolation Penicillin Tallium acetate Some cannot be cultured (Suis, ovis, haemocanis, haemofelis) ```

Question 32

Mycoplasma biochemistry, antigens, classification

Answer 32

Glu fermentation, Arg hydrolysis, cholesterol demand Ag Growth inhibition test Metabolism inhibition test Surface proteins Classification Family: genome size, cholesterol demand, morphology Genus: optimal temp, pH, glu, arg, urease

Question 33

Human mycoplasma

Answer 33

M. pneumoniae atypical pneumonia

Question 34

Bo mycoplasma (3, pneumonia)

Answer 34

M. mycoides ssp mycoides: cont. bovine pleuropneumonia (Notifiable) M. bovigenitalium: pneumonia, genitals M. bovis: arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia M. dispar: calf pneumonia M. bovoculi: kerato-conjunctivitis M. californicum/M. canadense: mastitis

Question 35

Ov/Cap mycoplasma

Answer 35

M. capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae: cont pleuropneumonia M. capricolum ssp capricolum: pneumonia, arthritis, septicaemia M. mycoides ssp capri M. agalactiae: pneumonia, contageous agalactica, arthritis M. conjunctivae: kerato-conjunctivitis M. ovipneumoniae M. ovis: anemia

Question 36

Su mycoplasma

Answer 36

M. suis: Su eperythrozoonosis (anemia) M. hyopneumoniae: enzootic pneumonia M. hyorhinis: polyserositis, rhinitis, arthritis M. hyosynoviae: arthritis

Question 37

Car mycoplasma

Answer 37

M. haemofelis M. haemocanis Anaemia, haemobartonellosis M. felis: conjunctivitis M. cynos: resp inf of Ca

Question 38

Av mycoplasma

Answer 38

M. gallisepticum: CRD M. synoviae: synovitis turkey M. meleagridis, M. iowae, M. anatis, M. aseris: air sacculutus

Question 39

Ureaplasma

Answer 39

CO2, cholesterol Urease + U. urealyticum: hu genital inf U. diversum: Bo genital inf U. canigenitalium

Question 40

Acholeplasma

Answer 40

No cholesterol need A. axanthum A. oculi sheep conjunctivitis