Lab 3 Streptococci, Staphylococci Flashcards by Lea Damler

Staphylococci habitat and morphology

Habitat: skin, mm, food/plant, soil, water
Morphology: coccus, bunch of grapes

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Staphylococci culture and pigment

Simple culture: nutrient agar and nutrient broth

Pigment: caroteinoid (gold-ish)

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Give two selective cultures used for Staphylococci and what they detect

Mannitol-salt agar (with pH indicator: phenol)
Detects s. aureus (and micrococci) colour change!
Baird-Parker agar (with Na-tellurite, glycine, pyruvic acid and egg)
Can detect staph coagulase positive!

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Staphylococci catalase and oxidase

Catalase +

Oxidase -

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What EC enzymes do staphylococci produce?

Coagulase
Fibrinolysin
Hyaluronidase

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What surface proteins and toxins do staphylococci have?

Surface proteins: protein-A:
can bind immunoglobulins and hide from immune system of host

Toxins: 
haemolysins, 
leucosidins (WBC damage),
enterotoxins
toxic shock syndrome toxins!

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Do staphylococci produce spores? What resistance do they have?

No spores

Good resistance

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Give pathogenicity of staphylococci (7)

Local suppuration
Abcesses
Arthritis
Mastitis
Metritis
Dermatitis
Septicaemia

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Give some characteristics of coagulase POS species of staphylococci

Many extracellular enzymes
Hemolysis
Mannitol fermentation
Toxin production
Facultative pathogenicity

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Give some characteristics of coagulase NEG species of staphylococci

Few extracellular enzymes
No hemolysis or mannitol fermentation
No or little toxin production
No or subclinical pathogenicity
Generally saprophytes

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S. aureus subsp. aureus

Staph
Biotypes A-E (different hosts)
MRSA: methicillin resistant s. aureus
Coag+

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S. aureus subsp. anaerobius

Staph
Morel-disease in sheep (lymphadenitis)
Coag+

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S. pseudointermedius

Staph
Dermatitis/otitis externa in Ca and Fe
Coag+

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S. intermedius

Staph
Ca, Eq, Av: mucous membranes
Saprophyte
Coag+

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S. epidermidis

Staph
Frequent wound infection in Ca and Eq
Coag-

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S. haemolyticus

Staph
Milk
Coag-

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S. hyicus

Staph
Some strains are coag pos!
Porcine exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease)
Coag-

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S. gallinarum
S. equorum
S. felis

Staph
Dermatitis
Coag-

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Micrococcus habitat and morphology

Habitat: environment, mm, food, skin
Morphology: cocci, clusters

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Micrococcus biochemistry and pathogenicity

Biochem: decomposition of glucose is aerobic or missing
Pathogenicity: saprophyte
Catalase and oxidase pos

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M. luteus

Yellow colonies, grape clusters

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Streptococci habitat and morphology

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Habitat: skin, mm, food, milk, digestive tract
Morphology: coccus, in chains (NOT CLUSTERS) diplococci
Some species have a capsule (hyaluronic acid or polysaccharide)

Streptococci cultures

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Fastidious: blood/serum agar (some need CO2)

Selective culture: Crystal Violet, Thallium-SO4, esculin, blood (Edwards)

What type of haemolysis do you see in Streptococci compared to Staphylococci

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Strep: alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis
Staph: only beta and gamma hemolysis

What streptococci is detected with CAMP test

S. agalactiae (in presence of s. aureus)

Streptococci catalase and oxidase

Catalase neg and oxidase neg

Streptococci utilization of glycosides

Esculin, salicin

Streptococci antigens

Complex Lancefield A-W Other type specific antigens Capsule antigens (S. suis, S. pneumoniae)

Streptococci resistance and pathogenicity

``` Resistance: good Local suppuration Metritis, mastitis, arthritis Septicaemia Strangles (!) Pneumonic diseases ```

S. pyogenes:

Strep capsule toxin, Hu: scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae (subsp. equismilis), S. uberis

Strep Ruminants Mastitis Subsp. equismilis: lymphadenitis, abortion in Eq

S. equi

Strep Subsp. equi: horse strangles Subsps. zooepidemicus: suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion

``` S. suis S. porcinus S. canis S. bovis S. salivarius, sanguis, mutans S. pneumoniae ```

``` Strep Suis: septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis Porcinus: lymphadenitis, abcesses Canis: metritis, neonatal septicaemia Bovis: septicaemia (pigeon) SSM: oral streptococci Pneumoniae: calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis ```

Enterococcus culture and Lancefield category

Culture: 10-45 C, pH 9,6, Lancefield D | Forms chains

Enterococcus species

E. faecalis (hemolysis) E. faecium E. avium E. gallinarum

Enterococcus habitat, pathogenicity

Gut, mainly saprophytes | Sometimes endocarditis, abscesses

Lactococcus fermenters and Lancefield category

Fast lactose fermenters Found in gut flora (Probiotic) Lancefield N

Lactococci species and subspecies

L. lactis subsp. lactis L. lactis subsp. cremoris L. plantarum (silage)

Anaerobic cocci habitat and species

``` Habitat: mucous membranes, mainly saprophytes1 Peptococcus Peptostreptococcus Peptoniphilus Ruminococcus Sarcina ```

Lactobacillus habitat and morphology

Habitat: mm, gut, feed, plants Morphology: long, thin (sometimes curved) rods

Lactobacillus culture (temp and pH)

Microaerophilic Temp. 30-40C (2-53) pH 5.5-6.2

Lactobacillus production and use

Produces lactate from lactose (pH 4) | Used in dairy industry (yogurt etc)

Erysipelothrix habitat and morphology

Habitat: alimentary tract, mid, slime of fish, water Morphology: small thin rods (s) filaments (r)

Erysipelothrix culture

Nutrient agar Nutrient broth: S: uniform, R: sediment NaN3 + Crystal violet, neomycin

Erysipelothrix catalase and oxidase

Catalase - | Oxidase -

Erysipelothrix extracellular enzymes

Neuroaminidase | Hyaluronidase

Erysipelothrix resistance

Good, halotolerance, soil | Alpha hemolysis

Erysipelothrix pathogenicity

``` Facultative pathogenic Su: erysipelas Ov: wound infection Av: septicaemia Hu: wound inf ```

E. tonsillarum

Present in tonsils of Su | Endocarditis in dogs

Listeria habitat and morphology

Habitat: soil, sewage, plants, silage, gut, food Morph: thick rods, flagella (in room temp)

Listeria culture

Simple: nutrient agar/broth Wide temp range pH 5.5-9.6 Selective: cattle serum - trypaflavin, nalidixic acid (U-tube)

Listeria catalase and oxidase

Catalase + | Oxidase -

Listeria virulence factors and antigens

``` Listeriolysin (haemolysin) IC replication Monocytosis factor (cell wall, lipoid) ``` Antigens: cell wall polysaccharide flagellar protein 13 serotypes

Listeria resistance and pathogenicity

Good: propagation in soil ``` Facultative pathogenic: haemolysis, lipolysis, monocytosis Sheep: encephalitis, abortion Cattle: encephalitis, abortion Rabbit: septicaemia, abortion Humans: abortion, neonatal septicaemia, encephalitis Birds: septicaemia ```

Lab 3 Streptococci, Staphylococci Flashcards

(54 cards)