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BIOL 1191 > lab 18 > Flashcards

lab 18 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

uterine cycle

A

series of canges that occur in the endometrium of a non pregnant female

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2
Q

ovarian cycle

A

monthly series of events associated with formation and release of teh female gamete

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3
Q

FSH stimulates (F)

A

development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens by the follicles

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4
Q

LH stimulates (F)

A

further development of ovarian follicles, ovulation, progesterone production by corpus luteum

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5
Q

FSH in males

A

sperm production

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6
Q

LH in males

A

test production

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7
Q

estrogens 5 main functions

A
  • promote development of female organs and secondary sex characteristics
  • control fluid and electrolyte balance
  • increase protein anabolism
  • believed to contribute to sex drive
  • inhibit FSH
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8
Q

progesterone functions (2)

A

prepare endometrium for implantation and prepare breast for milk secretion

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9
Q

avg range of cycle length

A

24-35 days avg 28

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10
Q

4 phases of ovarian cycle

A

menstrual phase
pre ovulatory phase
ovulation
post ovulatory phase

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11
Q

menstrual phase (uterine and ovulatory cycles)

A

phase 1

uterine:
periodic discharge of blood/tissue/mucus/epi cells from endometrium of uterus

lasts about 5 days

ovulatory:
- lots of primary follicles begin to develop into secondary follicles
- only one will attain maturity

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12
Q

granulosa cells of secondary ovarian follicles secrete

A

follicular fluid

along will some hormones (estrogen\inhibin)

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13
Q

antrum

A

where follicular fluid accumulates

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14
Q

when the first meiotic division is complete, what results

A

a secondary oocyte in the secondary follicle + polar body

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15
Q

pre ovulatory phase

A

phase 2

6-13

secondary follicle matures into tertiary (mature) ovarian follicle

estrogen production by granulosa cells is increased

also reffered to as porliferative phase bcecause endometrial cells return / follicular phase becuase of increasing estrogens

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16
Q

ovulation phase

A

phase 3

rupture of mature follicle and release of ovuminto the pelvic cavity happens on day 14

just before, estrogen inhibits FSH secretion, while LH is greatly increased

high LH + high Est + low FSH = ovulation

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17
Q

post ovulatory phase

A

phase 4

day 15-28

luteal phase of ovarian cycle
secretory phase of the uterian cycle

FSH secretion increases, LH decreases

porgesterone dominant stage

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18
Q

luteal phase

A

ovarian cycle part of post ovulatory phase (4)

mature follicle collapses, blood within it forms a clot

LH stimulates ruptured folicle to become corpus luteum
- produced estro/progest which make changes in endometrium

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19
Q

secretory phase

A

uterine cycle part of post ovulatory phase

prepares endometrium for implantation of blastocyst
- filling of endometrial glands
- vascularization of endometrium
- thickening

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20
Q

if fertilization and implantation do not occur, corpus luteum …

A

corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans. without its hormones, teh cycle continues as FSH comes back

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21
Q

if fertilization and implantation do occur, corpus luteum…

A

is kept going by human chorionic gonadotropin produced by chorion of embryo.

estrogen/progest secreted by corpus luteum maintain endometrial lining, preventing menstruation

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22
Q

menarche

A

first uterine cycle

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23
Q

menopause

A

last uterine cycle

usually between 45-50 years old

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24
Q

ovarian cycle compared to whole cycle

A

follicular phase
- lasts menstrual and preov phase

ovulation
- during ovulatory phase

luteal phase
- during post ov phase

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25
uterine cycle compaired to whole cycle
mentrual phase - during menstrual phase proliferative phase - during preov phase Nothing during ov phase secretory phase - during post ov
26
menstuatung uterus slide
fucking tidal wave looks like a nuclear bomb cloud or the famous japanese wave painint
27
non menstruating uterus slide
looks like corn rows
28
progesterone target tissues
mammary glands endometrium
29
pregnancy
sequence of events including fertilization implantation embryonic growth and fetal growth
30
fertilization is
usually within 24 hours of ovulation
31
capacitation
process where sperm beat tails and head can respond to chemicals released by the oocyte
32
what must a sperm pass thru to get to teh egg
corona radiata and zona pellucida
33
acrosome
covering of sperm head contains enzymes like acrosin that will digest the membrane of the oocyte
34
once fertilization occurs:
a fertilization membrane forms around oocyte flagellum is shed oocyte completes meiosis 2 nuclei of ovum and sperm form a zygote
35
after fertilization, :
rapid cell division by mitosis occurs
36
cleavage
early division of teh zygote
37
blastomeres
smaller cells in the zygote
38
morula
a solid mass of cells produced by a cleavage only slightly larger than og zygote
39
blastocyst
hollow ball of cells (after cleavage and morula) has 2 layers - trophoblast - outer layer - embryoblast - inner mass of cells (clump on the wall) - hollow space - blastocyst cavity
40
implantation
attachment of blastocyst to endometrium 6-8 days after fert endometrium is currently in post ov phase
41
embryoblast after implantation differentiates into (3)
embryoblast beings to differentiate and forms 3 germ layers ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
42
3 germ layers formed by the embryoblast
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
43
ectoderm produces
all nervous tissue epidermis of skin lots of superficial things like hair, nails, cornea, etc
44
mesoderm produces
all skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue cartilage bone blood dermis kidneys
45
endoderm produces
basically the epithelium of everything gametes
46
trophoblast develops into
part of placenta
47
embryonic period
first 8 weeks of development developing human is called an embryo after second month, it is called a fetus
48
extraembryonic membranes function
4 of these form in teh embryonic period lie outside embryo and protext/nourish teh fetus
49
what does the embryoblast develop into
3/4 embryonic membrane umbilical vesicle (yolk sac) amnion allantois
50
what does the trophoblast develop into
1/4 embryonic membranes chorion
51
umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)
endoderm lined membrane that nourishes embryo during week 2-3, becomes part of digestive canal eventually
52
4 functiosn of umbilical vesicle
supply nutrients to embryo forms part of digestive canal functions as a shock absorber prevents drying out of embryo
53
amniotic fluid make up
maternal blood early on later, fetal urine
54
amniotic fluid function
shock absorber regulates temp
55
chorion eventually forms:
connecting stalk that forms umbilical cord
56
how does the chorion protect the embryo and fetus from the mothers immune response
placental barrier prevents many harmful substances from reaching the fetus
57
choronic villi
contain fetal blood vessels and continue growing until they are bathed in maternal blood in the endometrium. in other words, this makes sure the two blood dont mix, only come close together to nutrients can be transported across
58
allantois
small vascularized pouch thing that forms in the wall of the umbilical vesicle functions in early formation of blood and vessels
59
human chorionic gonadotropin
maintians activity of corpus luteum, especially porgesterone, which is needed to keep the embryo attached to the endometrium serves as a base for a lot of pregnancy tests
60
NOTE: placenta provides hormones after normal ovarian cycle ones are not sufficient in later stages of pregnancy (3 months +)
:D
61
when does hCG secretion cut back
once placenta is fully formed around month 4
62
gestation
teh time that the embryo is carried in the uterus
63
parturtion
another term for labor
64
true labor
recognizable by shortening intervals between contractions
65
false labor
recognizable by irregular contraction intervals
66
3 stages of labor
dilation expulsion placental stage
67
dilation stage of labor
amnionic sac rupture, dilation of cervix,
68
expulsion stage of labor
the time between cervix dilation and expulsion of the baby
69
placental stage of labor
tiem after deliver until placenta is expelled
70
colostrum
secreted by mammary glands in place of milk for the first few days after delivery when milk is not yet being produced still waiting for porgesterone effects to wear off so prolactin can stimulate milk porduction
71
active mammary gland slide
shrivled up ass things big pale pink background with lil squiggles in one portion
72
inactive mammary gland slide
definitely looks like something that would produce milk bulbous, full, and padding like
73
where is human chorionic gonadotropin secreted from
chorion of placenta by placental trophoblastic cells

BIOL 1191 (30 decks)

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