lab exam 2

Question 0

Mitotic phase

Answer 0

Chromosomes separate and cell divides

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

Prepares for cell division and DNA is replicated

Question 2

How long does cell division take

Answer 2

Mitosis only about 30 minutes

On average the cell cycle takes about 24 hours most of time spent in g1 where the cell grows in size, about 12 hours

Question 3

What happens during Interpahse

Answer 3

The cell grows
Makes mew cellular components
DNA is replicated
Check points will stop cell division of there is a problem, if They don’t work properly the cell will divide when it should not.

Question 4

What are the four phases in Mitosis

Answer 4

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 5

Mitosis prophase

Answer 5

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Tow centrioles (one centrosome) begin to move to opposite ends of cell
Microtubules form

Question 6

Metaphase (mitosis)

Answer 6

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

The microtubules line up at the center of the cell (the equator)

Question 7

Anaphase (mitosis)

Answer 7

Sister chromatid are pulled apart by the microtubules

Chromatids move toward the poles. Now chromatids are called chromosomes

Question 8

Telophase (mitosis)

Answer 8

The chromosomes begin to uncondense
Nuclear membrane forms
Cell begins to divide in half

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

The cell divides completely forming two separate cells

Question 10

Where does mitosis occur

Answer 10

In all body cells except for ones responsible for reproduction

Question 11

Gametes

Answer 11

Are the cells responsible for reproduction

Question 12

Somatic cells

Answer 12

All body cells except those responsible for reproduction

Question 13

Sperm and eggs are

Answer 13

Gametes

Question 14

What do gametes undergo?

Answer 14

Meiosis

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

Cells that have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs, all somatic cells are diploid

Question 16

Haploid

Answer 16

Cells that have 23 chromosomes, gametes are haploid

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

When a diploid cell divides to produce haploid reproductive cells

Question 18

Crossing over

Answer 18

Duplicated chromosomes condense and intertwine this produces genetic variation = crossing over
Genetic material is exchanged between the homologous chromosomes

Question 19

Prophase 1

Answer 19

Duplicated chromosomes condense and crossover this produces genetic variation
Nuclear membrane begins to break down
Two centrioles one centrosome begins to move to opposite ends of the cell
Microtubules form

Question 20

Metaphase 1

Answer 20

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

The microtubules line up the chromosomes at the center of the cell(the equator)

Question 21

Independent assortment

Answer 21

The chromosome arrange themselves randomly during metaphase 1 which gives genetic diversity

Question 22

Anaphase 1

Answer 22

Chromosomes in the pairs separate
This is different from mitosis here the chromosomes in a pair are separated from each other
So now 23 chromosomes are on each side

Question 23

Telophase 1

Answer 23

Nuclear membrane forms
Cells divide in half
We now have two haploid cells, which means there are 23 total chromosomes
Chromosomes are in duplicated form

Question 24

Prophase 2

Answer 24

23 chromosomes are already condensed. The nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 25

Metaphase 2

Answer 25

Chromosome line up at the equator

Question 26

Anaphase 2

Answer 26

Chromatids separate

Question 27

Telophase 2

Answer 27

Cells separate

Question 28

At the end of meiosis 2 what do we have

Answer 28

4 haploid cells each has 23 chromosome and are not in duplicated state

Question 29

What produces genetic diversity

Answer 29

``` Independent assortment (random line up at equator) metaphase 1 Crossing over (Paris of chromosomes) prophase 1 ```

Question 30

How many sperm does one cell produce

Answer 30

4

Question 31

Centromere

Answer 31

Where Chromatids are held together

Question 32

Mitosis

Answer 32

Chromatids are separated to produce two cells each with 46 chromosomes 23 non duplicated chromosomes These cells are diploid cells There is no exchange of genetic material

Question 33

Meiosis 1

Answer 33

The pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated resulting in 2 cells each with 23 chromosomes in the duplicated state

Question 34

Meiosis 2

Answer 34

The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes One original cell produces 4 haploid cells

Question 35

Phenotype

Answer 35

Physical feature of the organism | Expression of genes

Question 36

Genotype

Answer 36

Genetic makeup that determines the phenotype | DNA

Question 37

Homozygous

Answer 37

Same

Question 38

Heterozygous

Answer 38

Different alleles

Question 39

Alleles

Answer 39

Different forms of the same gene

Question 40

Pathway of blood through the heat 1-6

Answer 40

``` Superior and inferior Venda cava Right atrium Tricuspid AV value Right ventricle Pulmonary SL valve Pulmonary arteries ```

Question 41

Pathway 6-14

Answer 41

``` Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral AV valve Left ventricle Aortic SL valve Aorta All body tissues ```

Question 42

Neutrophils

Answer 42

Most abundant white blood cell Multi lobed nucleus and the cytoplasm stains clear Tend to be the first to respond to things like cuts

Question 43

Eosinophils

Answer 43

Large white blood cells Bi lobed nuclei and with pink staining granules in the cytoplasm Attacks things like parasites

Question 44

Basophils

Answer 44

Large white blood cells with bi lobed nuclei and with purple standing granules in cytoplasm Initiate immune response releases hystomene Identify allergies Cell looks almost completely covered but has a few clearer spots, yin and yang

Question 45

Monocytes

Answer 45

U shaped nucleus and blue cytoplasm with no granules

Question 46

Lymphocytes

Answer 46

Have round nuclei that fills almost entire cell | Specialize In Taking out cells

Question 47

Platelets

Answer 47

Are fragments of megakaryocyte. The are small purple cell fragments in the blood smear

Question 48

Most common and most uncommon blood types

Answer 48

Common O | Uncommon is AB

Question 49

Universal recipient | Universal donor

Answer 49

Recipient AB | Donor O