A CH 9 Joints

Question 0

Arthrology

Answer 0

The study of joints

Question 1

Articulations are point of contacts between what

Answer 1

Bones
Bones and cartilage
Bones and teeth

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

The study of motion of the human body

Question 3

Functional classifications of joints

Answer 3

Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthroses (partially movable)
Diarthroses (freely moveable)

Question 4

Structural classification of joints

Answer 4

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 5

Synovial fluid consists of?

Answer 5

Hyaluronic acid

Interstitial fluid from plasma

Question 6

Functions of synovial fluid

Answer 6

Lubrication 
Reduce friction between structures 
Supply nutrients 
Remove waste products 
Phagocytosis of microbes and debris

Question 7

Movement at joints

Answer 7

Structure and shape of bones involved 
Strength and tension of ligaments 
Arrangement and tension of muscles 
Opposing soft parts 
Hormones
Disuse

Question 8

Fibrous joints

Answer 8

Joints are formed by a solid mass of connective tissue between the neighboring bones
This one has dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

Use cartilage as connective tissue between bones

Allows little or no movement

Question 10

Synovial joints

Answer 10

Surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that attaches the articulating bones
Slightly moveable to the most moveable for example between carpal bones and the shoulder
Covered with a hyaline layer of articular cartilage

Question 11

Gliding

Answer 11

Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and side to side over one another
Little change of angle between bones
Carpals

Question 12

Angular

Answer 12

Increase or decrease in angle between bones

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, and lateral Flexion

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

Decrease on angle between articulating bones, usually in the sagittal plane.
Holding your leg straight out, moving your head forward, flexing your arm, moving hands up

Question 14

Lateral Flexion

Answer 14

Movement of trunk in frontal plane

Moving head left or right towards the ground

Question 15

Extension

Answer 15

Increase in angle between articulating bones usually in sagittal plane
Head upright facing forward, hand and wrist flat, knee bent, leg when standing up

Question 16

Hyperextension

Answer 16

Extension beyond anatomical position

Putting head back, holding arm behind you, holding leg out behind you

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

Movement of bone away from midline usually in frontal plane
Holding shoulder and arm out to the side, spreading fingers apart
(Shoulder joint, hip joint, wrist joint, metacarpals)

Question 18

Adduction

Answer 18

Movement of bone toward midline usually in frontal plane

Arms at side, moving wrist toward body, putting fingers together

Question 19

Circumduction

Answer 19

Flexion, abduction, adduction, extension, and rotation in succession or opposite order
Distal end of body part moves in circle swinging arm or leg around. Shoulder join. Hip joint

Question 20

Rotation

Answer 20

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis, in limbs, may be medial, or lateral.
Hop joint, turn out, moving head back and forth, yes or no,

Question 21

Special

Answer 21

Occurs at specific joints

Question 22

Elevation

Answer 22

Superior movement of body part

Question 23

Depression

Answer 23

Inferior movement of body part

Question 24

Protraction

Answer 24

Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane

Question 25

Retraction.

Answer 25

Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane

Question 26

Inversion

Answer 26

Medial movement of sole

Question 27

Eversion

Answer 27

Lateral movement of sole

Question 28

Dorsiflexion

Answer 28

Bending foot in direction of dorsum (superior surface)

Question 29

Plantar Flexion

Answer 29

Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole)

Question 30

Supination

Answer 30

Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly

Question 31

Pronation

Answer 31

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

Question 32

Opposition

Answer 32

Movement of thumb across Palm to touch fingertips on same hand

Question 33

Suture | Structural classification

Answer 33

Articulating bones united by a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue, Found between skull bones, with age some will be replaced by synostosis

Question 34

Suture | Functional classification

Answer 34

Synarthosis (immovable) and amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) Coronal suture

Question 35

Syndesmosis | Structural classification

Answer 35

Articulating bones united by more dense irregular connective tissue Usually a ligament

Question 36

Syndesmosis | Functional classification

Answer 36

Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable | Distal tibiofibular joint

Question 37

Interosseous membrane | Structural classification

Answer 37

Fibrous | Articulating bones united by substantial sheet of dense irregular tissue

Question 38

Interosseous membrane | Functional classification

Answer 38

Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable | Between tibia and fibula

Question 39

Fibrous

Answer 39

No synovial cavity, articulating Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue Suture, syndesmosis, Interosseous membrane

Question 40

Cartilaginous

Answer 40

No synovial cavity Articulating bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage Synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 41

Synchondrosis | Structural

Answer 41

Connecting material | Hyaline cartilage, becomes synostosis when bone elongation ceases

Question 42

Synchondrosis | Functional classification

Answer 42

Synarthrosis immovable | Epiphyseal plate between diaphysis and epiphysis if long bone

Question 43

Symphysis | Structural

Answer 43

Connecting material | Broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage

Question 44

Symphysis | Functional classification

Answer 44

Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable | Pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

Question 45

Synovial

Answer 45

Characterized by synovial cavity, articular cartilage, and articular joint capsule May contain accessory ligaments, articular discs and bursae

Question 46

Plane

Answer 46

Synovial Sc: articulated surfaces flat or slightly curved FC: many biaxial diarthroses (freely moveable) back and forth, side to side movements Some triaxial diarthroses back and forth, side to side rotation Intercarpal, intertarsal, sternocostal and vertebrocostal

Question 47

Hinge

Answer 47

Synovial Sc: convex surface fits into concave surface FC: uniaxial diarthrosis, Flexion extension Knee modified hinge, elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints

Question 48

Pivot

Answer 48

Synovial Sc: rounded or pointed surface fits into ring formed partly by bone and partly by ligament FC: uniaxial diarthrosis Atlanto axial and radioulnar joints

Question 49

Condyloid

Answer 49

Synovial Sc: oval shaped projection fits into oval shaped depression FC: biaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, abduction adduction Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 50

Saddle

Answer 50

Synovial Sc: articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped articular surface of other bone sits in saddle FC: biaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, adduction abduction Carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and metacarpal of thumb

Question 51

Ball and socket

Answer 51

Synovial Sc: ball like surface fits into cup like depression FC: triaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, abduction adduction, rotation Shoulder and hip joints