A CH 6 Bone tissue

Question 0

Support

Answer 0

The skeleton serves was the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachment for tendons

Question 1

Name the functions of bone

Answer 1

Support 
Protection 
Aid in movement 
Mineral storage 
Blood cell production 
Energy storage

Question 2

Protection

Answer 2

Protects internal organs from injury

Question 3

Assistance in movement

Answer 3

Most skeletal muscles attach to bones when they contract it produces movement

Question 4

Mineral storage

Answer 4

Stores several minerals especially calcium and phosphorus which contributes to bone strength
Bone tissue contains 99% of the body’s calcium
On demand bones release mineral to the blood stream to maintain critical mineral balance and sends minerals to other parts of the body

Question 5

Blood cell production

What is the process called

Answer 5

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Hematopoiesis (what this process is called)

Question 6

Energy storage

Answer 6

Yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells which stores triglycerides
The stores triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

Is the bones shaft or body,

Question 8

Epiphysis

Answer 8

Proximal or distal ends of bones

Question 9

Metaphyses

What happens here during growth

Answer 9

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
In A growing bone it consists of an epiphyseal plate (layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to grow)
When growth stops it is replace with bone and is called epiphyseal line

Question 10

Articular cartilage

Answer 10

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone
Reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

A tough connective tissue and it’s associate blood supply surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articulate cartilage
Has two layers

Helps protect bone and assist on fracture repair
Serves as attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 12

Medullary cavity

Answer 12

Or marrow cavity
A hollow space with yellow bone marrow and many blood vessels
Minimizes weight of bone

Question 13

Endosteum

Answer 13

A him membrane that lines the medullary cavity

It contains a single layer of bone forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue

Question 14

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 14

Developed onto osteoblasts
Unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme
Only bone cells to undergo cell division
Found along inner portion of periosteum, in the endosteum and canals that contain blood vessels

Question 15

Osteoblasts

Answer 15

Bone building cells
Synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extra cellular matrix of bone tissue and they initiate calcification

Question 16

Osteocytes

Answer 16

Osteoblasts get trapped in their own secretions and become osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism
Do not undergo cell division

Question 17

Osteoclasts

Answer 17

Large cells made from 50 or more monocytes and are found In the endosteum
Have lysosomes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying extra cellular matrix
Part of the normal development, growth, maintenance, and repair of bone
Help regular blood calcium levels and target cells during drug therapy used to treat osteoporosis

Question 18

Compact bone

Answer 18

Dense bone
Type of bone tissue observed at surface of the bone
Makes up bulk of the diaphysis
Provides protection and support and resists the stresses produced by weight and movement

Question 19

Concentric lamellae

Answer 19

Circular plates of mineralized extra cellular matrix of increasing diameter surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal

Question 20

Lacunae

Answer 20

Between the concentric lamellae there are small spaces called lacunae which contain osteocytes

Question 21

Canaliculi

Answer 21

Radiating on all directions from lacunae
Filled with extra cellular matrix
Inside the Canaliculi are osteocytes which communicate through gap junctions
Connect lacunae to one another provides many routes for oxygen and nutrients to reach the osteocytes

Question 22

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 22

The arrears between the neighboring osteons contain these
Also have lacunae with osteons and Canaliculi
These are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during growth or rebuilding

Question 23

Perforating canals

Answer 23

Where the blood vessels and nerves are

Question 24

Circumferential lamellae

Answer 24

Arranged around the entire outer and inner circumference of the shaft of a long bone Develop during initial bone formation The outer circumferential lamellae are by the periosteum The ones that lo the medullary cavity are the inner circumferential lamellae

Question 25

Spongy bone

Answer 25

Does not contain osteons | Always in the interior of a bond, protected by a covering compact bone

Question 26

Trabeculae

Answer 26

The lamellae arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns

Question 27

Difference between spongy bone and compact bone

Answer 27

Spongy bone is light | Has trabeculae

Question 28

Bone matrix

Answer 28

Tricalcium phosphate Calcium carbonate Collagen fibers

Question 29

Endochondral ossification

Answer 29

Most bones are formed this way Formation of bone within a hyaline cartilage model Bone gradually replaces a cartilage model Bone slowly replaces cartilage as the bone grows, the epiphysis starts to replace after most of the diaphysis is replaced

Question 30

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 30

``` Flats bones (skull) Mandible (largest bone that does this), clavicle, facial bones, skull Formation of bone directly on fibrous Connective tissue ```

Question 31

Partial/incomplete

Answer 31

Not all the way through

Question 32

Complete

Answer 32

Bone is broken in at least 2 pieces

Question 33

Closed or simple

Answer 33

Not protruding all the way through the skin

Question 34

Displaced

Answer 34

Anatomical alignment is compromised

Question 35

Non displaced

Answer 35

Anatomical alignment is maintained

Question 36

Stress

Answer 36

Microscopic fractures Usually on tibia Athletes are prone to this

Question 37

Pathologic

Answer 37

Weakening caused by a disease process Bone cancer Osteoporosis

Question 38

Open or compound

Answer 38

Broken ends protrude through skin

Question 39

Greenstick fracture

Answer 39

Occurs only in children | One side broken the other side bends

Question 40

Potts fracture

Answer 40

Fracture to the distal end of the fibula with injury to the tibial articulation

Question 41

Comminuted fracture

Answer 41

Bone is splintered, crushed or broken into pieces | Most difficult to treat

Question 42

Impacted fracture

Answer 42

One end is driven into the other

Question 43

Colles fracture

Answer 43

Fracture to distal end of the radius where the fragment is displaced posteriorly