A CH 25 Urinary system

Question 0

Kidneys

Answer 0

Produced urine

Regulate ph, maintenance of blood, produce hormones etc

Question 1

Whole system is?

Answer 1

Retroparetineal

Question 2

Ureters

Answer 2

Pass urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

Urinary bladder

Answer 3

Storage of urine

Question 4

Urethra

Answer 4

Passes urine from the body

Question 5

Organs of urinary system

Answer 5

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 6

Urinary system functions

Answer 6

Regulation of volume and composition and thereby of interstitial fluid and body
Regulation of blood ph by controlling H+ excretion and retention of bicarb
Regulation of blood pressure via the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Metabolism of: ca++ balance (conversion of vitamin d), rbc formation, gluconeogenesis (occurs in starvation)

*increase volume increase blood pressure, vise versa

Question 7

Kidney anatomy

Renal sinus

Answer 7

Has the renal pelvis, major calyces 2-3, minor calyces 8-18

Question 8

Renal capsule

Answer 8

Outside layer

Question 9

Renal cortex

Answer 9

Outer rim of renal columns

Question 10

Renal medulla

Answer 10

Renal pyramids

Question 11

Path of urine drainage

Answer 11

Collecting duct 
Papillary duct
Minor calyx 
Major calyx 
Renal pelvis 
Ureter 
Urinary bladder

Question 12

Blood flow in kidney

Answer 12

Kidneys make up only 1% of total body mass but receive 20-25% of blood flow
Our third portal system is located in the kidney

Question 13

Which vessel is considered the portal vein

Answer 13

Efferent arteriole

Lies between the glomerulus and the pertiubular capillaries or vasa recta

Question 14

Pathway of blood in the kidney (14)

Answer 14

Renal artery 
Segmental arteries 
Interlobar arteries 
Arcuate arteries 
Cortical radiate arteries 
Afferent arterioles 
Glomerular capillaries 
Efferent arterioles 
Peritubular capillaries 
Perotubular venules 
Cortical radiate veins 
Arcuate veins 
Interlobar veins 
Renal vein

Question 15

Nephrons

Answer 15

Functional unit of kidney
Approximately 1 million nephrons, number constant since birth
Damaged ones do not regenerate
Two types cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 16

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 16

Create the vertical osmotic gradient

Salt gradient allows us to concentrate urine

Question 17

renal corpuscle

Answer 17

Where blood plasma is filtered

Contains glomerulus which is a capillary bed and is surrounded by a glomerular capsule/bowmans capsule

Question 18

Renal tubule

Answer 18

Part of nephron

Filtered fluid passes through here
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convolute tubule

*nephrons connect to the collecting duct

Question 19

Where urine formation occurs

Answer 19

Glomerulus
Renal tubule
Collecting duct

Question 20

Basic steps to urine production

Answer 20

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 21

Filtration membrane

Answer 21

Fenestrations in endothelium, stops cells
Basement membrane stops large proteins
Slit membrane/ slit diaphragm stops medium sized proteins

Question 22

Urine production

Answer 22

Renal corpuscles produce 180 liters of filtrate a day
Plasma volume would be depleted in 30 minutes if we didn’t reabsorb
Reabsorption of most of the filtrate in the tubule
Secretion of wastes into the tubule

Question 23

Filtration

Answer 23

Occurs in renal corpuscle

Question 24

Reabsorption

Answer 24

Occurs in the renal tubule

Question 25

Secretion

Answer 25

Occurs in the renal tubule

Question 26

Ureters

Answer 26

Extension of the renal pelvis 10-12" long Retroperitoneal Stretching of filling bladder creates physiological sphincters

Question 27

Ureters histology

Answer 27

Muscularis: inner longitudinal and outer circular | Transitional epithelium

Question 28

Urinary bladder

Answer 28

Retroperitoneal Collapsed when empty Average capacity is about 800 mls Transitional epithelium Trigone- at bottom of bladder, smooth appearance, frequently sight of infection Detrusor muscle - inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal

Question 29

Urethra

Answer 29

Passageway for urine to leave the bladder Internal sphincter- smooth muscle External sphincter- skeletal muscle Female 1.5 inches between clitoris and vagina Male 8 inches - prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra