LAB MANAGEMENT (Laboratory Safety) Flashcards by LEDESMA, Anne Gelika

ENUMERATE HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS FROM MOST TO LEAST EFFECTIVE

ELIMINATION
SUBSTITUTION
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
PPE

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hierarchy of controls that physically removes the hazard

elimination

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hierarchy of controls that replaces the hazard

substitution

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hierarchy of controls that isolate people from the hazard

engineering controls

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hierarchy of controls that changes the way people work

administrative controls

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hierarchy of controls that protect the workers with protective eq

PPE

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Hierarchy of controls:
Removes the hazard at the source

ELIMINATION

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Hierarchy of controls:
Preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur.

ELIMINATION

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Hierarchy of controls:
Using a safer alternative to the source of the hazard.

SUBSTITUTION

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Hierarchy of controls:
Reduce potential for harmful effects, no new risks.

SUBSTITUTION

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Hierarchy of controls:
Reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact with workers

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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Hierarchy of controls:
Include modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more.

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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Hierarchy of controls:
Cost more than administrative controls or PPE. However, long-term operating costs are lower, especially when protecting multiple workers.

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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Hierarchy of controls:
Can save money in other areas of the work process or facility operation.

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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Hierarchy of controls:
Establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards.

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

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Included in ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Work process training
Ensuring adequate rest breaks
Limiting access to hazardous areas or machinery
Adjusting line speeds
Job rotation

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Hierarchy of controls:
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards. Less expensive than other controls, but can be costly over time.

PPE

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Addressed in PPE program

Workplace hazards assessment
Inspection and replacement of damaged or worn-out PPE
PPE selection and use
Program monitoring for continued effectiveness
Employee training

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Disease producing agents (pathogens) that can be transmitted to individuals through various routes of exposure (modes of transmission). Exposure to these hazards may result in acute or chronic health conditions.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Blood and body fluids

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Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Fecal-Oral

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Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Contact

HSV
HPV
CMV
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
(MRSA)
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)

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Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Small particle aerosol (airborne)

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
>1 mode: contact, and/or droplet spray

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV)
Influenza virus (Flu)
Measles (Rubeola virus)

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Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite

Pathogens/Infectious agents

Habitat for organism to grow: human, animal, air, food, soil, water, equipment

Reservoir

Secretions (saliva) Excretions (urine, feces)

Portal of exit

Contact, droplet, airborne, vector, fomites

Mode of transmission

Mucosa lining, open wound, oral, respiratory tract, urinary tract

Portal of entry

Very young and elderly, those with chronic disease, malnourished, immunocompromised

Susceptible host

Contains circles representing the chain of infection

BIOHAZARD SYMBOL

3 circles represented in biohazard symbol

* Host * Agent * Transmission

BSL with NO known potential for infecting healthy people.

BSL1

BSL associated with rarely serious human diseases. Preventive/therapeutic interventions are often available.

BSL 2

BSL for viruses not normally encountered and mycobacteria

BSL3 (with risk-based enhancements)

BSL for dangerous and exotic agents that pose higher risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease. Effective treatments are limited.

BSL4

FEATURES OF BSL1

* Controlled access * Hand washing sink * Sharp hazards warning policy * PPE * Laboratory bench * Autoclave

FEATURES OF BSL 2

* Controlled access * Hand washing sink * Sharp hazards warning policy * Physical containment device * PPE * Laboratory bench * Autoclave

FEATURES OF BSL3

* Self-closing, double-door access * Controlled access * Personal shower out * Sharp hazards warning policy * Hand washing sink * Sealed penetrations * Physical containment device * Powered air purifying respirator * Laboratory bench * Autoclave * Exhaust HEPA filter * Effluent decontamination system * Air tight when disinfecting

FEATURES OF BSL4

* Air tight * Self-closing, double-door access * Controlled access * Sharp hazards warning policy * Hand washing sink * Sealed penetrations * Physical containment device * Positive pressure protective suit * Laboratory bench * Autoclave * Chemical shower out * Personal shower out * Supply and exhaust HEPA filter * Effluent decontamination system

Most important means of preventing the spread of infection

HAND WASHING

Duration for handwashing accdg. to CDC

20 secs rinsed downward

Performed if hands are visibly soiled

wash hands with soap and water for 1-2 mins

Performed if hands are NOT visibly soiled

wash hands for at least 30 secs. or use alcohol-based hand cleaners

Worn to protect clothing and skin Protect workers from contamination

Laboratory gown

Worn to protect against splashes and inhalation of droplets containing pathogens from infective px.

Masks, goggles, face shields

Worn to protect healthcare workers from contamination by px body substances.

Gloves

Correct sequence of DONNING

1. Gown 2. Mask (covers both nose & mouth) 3. Gloves (pulled over the gown cuff)

Correct sequence of DOFFING

1. Gloves 2. Gown (pulled from shoulders towards the hands) 3. Mask

Used substances for decontamination of body fluid spills

5.25% NaOCL or 10% chlorine bleach (1:10 dilution)

Recommended contact time for decontamination of body fluid spills

15 minutes

Under health hazard

- Carcinogen - Mutagenicity - Reproductive toxicity - Respiratory sensitizer - Target organ toxicity - Aspiration toxicity

Under flame hazard

- Flammables - Pyrophorics - Self-heating - Emits flammable gas - Self-reactives - Organic peroxides

Under exclamation mark hazard

- Irritant (skin and eye) - Skin sensitizer - Acute toxicity - Narcotic effects - Respiratory tract irritant - Hazardous to ozone layer (non-mandatory)

Under gas cylinder hazard

Gases under pressure

Under corrosion hazard

- Skin corrosion/burns - Eye damage - Corrosive to metals

Under exploding bomb hazard

- Explosives - Self-reactives - Organic peroxides

Under flame over circle hazard

oxidizers

Under environment hazard (non-mandatory)

Aquatic toxicity

Under skull and crossbones hazard

Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)

Communicate hazards associated with using chemicals

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS) Formerly: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Important source of information for workers, lab personnel, emergency responders, and emergency medical personnel

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS) Formerly: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Content of a Safety Data Sheet (16 sections)

1. Identification 2. Hazard identification 3. Composition/Information on Ingredient 4. First aid measures 5. Fire fighting measures 6. Accidental release measures 7. Handling and storage 8. Exposure controls/personal protection 9. Physical and chemical properties 10. Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicological information 12. Ecological information 13. Disposal consideration 14. Transport information 15. Regulatory information 16. Other information

PEL

Permissible Exposure Limits

TLV

Threshold Limit Values

T/F Storage should not be based solely on alphabetical order because incompatible chemicals may react chemically.

Flammable liquid is stored separately from:

Flammable solids

Mineral acid is stored separately from:

Organic acids

Caustics is stored separately from:

Oxidizers

Perchloric acid is stored separately from:

Water-reactive substances

Air-reactive substances is stored separately from:

Others

Heat-reactive substances requiring refrigeration is stored separately from:

Others

Equivalent of 0 in hazard

Minimal

Equivalent of 1 in hazard

Slightly hazardous

Equivalent of 2 in hazard

Hazardous

Equivalent of 3 in hazard

Extremely hazardous

Equivalent of 4 in hazard

Dangerous

Color RED in NFPA standard hazard

Fire hazard

Color YELLOW in NFPA standard hazard

INSTABILITY OR REACTIVITY

Color BLUE in NFPA standard hazard

Health hazard

Color WHITE in NFPA standard hazard

Specific hazard

Fire hazard 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 -

4 - Below 73F 3 - Below 100F 2 - Below 200F 1 - Above 200F 0 - Will not burn

Instability 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 -

4 - May detonate 3 - Shock + Heat may detonate 2 - Violent chemical change 1 - Unstable if heated 0 - Stable

Health Hazard 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0 -

4 - Deadly 3 - Extreme danger 2 - Hazardous 1 - Slightly hazardous 0 - Normal material

Specific hazards OX - ALK - W - SA - ACID - COR - Rad symbol -

OX - Oxidizers ALK - Alkaline W - Use no water SA - Simple Asphyxiant ACID - Acid COR - Corrosive Rad symbol - Radioactive

Found at the long wavelength end of the spectrum and may have enough energy to excite molecules and atoms causing them to vibrate faster.

Non-ionising radiation

Type of radiation: Radio, TV, microwave

Non-ionising radiation

Type of radiation in infrared region

Non-ionising radiation

Type of radiation with increasing wavelength

Non-ionising radiation

Has more energy; enough to cause chemical changes by breaking chemical bonds. This effect can cause damage to living tissue.

Ionising radiation

Type of radiation in ultraviolet region

Ionising radiation

Type of radiation: Medical X-ray, radioactive sources

Ionising radiation

Type of fire: Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth) Class of fire: Fire extinguishers:

Class of fire: A Fire extinguishers: Type A, A-B

Type of fire: Flammable liquids (gasoline, paints, oils, grease) Class of fire: Fire extinguishers:

Class of fire: B Fire extinguishers: Type A-B, B-C, A-B-C

Type of fire: Live electrical equipment (electrical wiring, fuse box) Class of fire: Fire extinguishers:

Class of fire: C Fire extinguishers: Type B-C, A-B-C

Type of fire: Commercial cooking equipment Class of fire: Fire extinguishers:

Class of fire: K Fire extinguishers: Wet chemical

Type of fire: Combustible metal Class of fire: Fire extinguishers:

Class of fire: D Fire extinguishers: Bucket of sand

Activities characterized by constant/excessive repetitive actions, mechanical pressure, vibrations, compressive forces or static postures for an extended period which may cause cumulative trauma disorders or work-related MSD.

ERGONOMIC HAZARD

Give factors for ergonomic hazard

* Inadequate lighting or glare * Awkward postures * Forceful exertions * Vibrations * Contact stress * Static postures * Repetitive motions

Container color for non-infectious dry waste

Black

Container color for non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary)

Green

Container color for infectious and pathological waste

Yellow

Container color for chemical waste including heavy metal

Yellow with black band

Container color for radioactive waste

Orange

Container color for sharps and pressurized containers

Red

represented by the circles contained within the biohazard symbol

chain of infection

BSL: Nonpathogenic E. coli

BSL: Gram neg, pos S. aureus P. aeruginosa

BSL: M. tuberculosis

BSL: SARS-CoV-2 Ebola

BSL 4

Unique feature of BSL 2 from BSL 1

physical containment device

risk based enhancements in BSL 3

personal shower out powered air purifying respirator exhaust HEPA filter effluent decontamination system

Unique features in BSL 3 not seen in BSL 2

Self-closing, double door access Personal shower out Sealed penetrations PAP respirator Exhaust HEPA filter Effluent decontamination system

BSL that is airtight when disinfecting

BSL 3

BSL that is airtight not only during disinfecting

BSL 4

Unique features of BSL 4 not seen in BSL 3

Positive pressure protective suit Chemical shower out Personal shower out

Factors that contributes to FIRE

Fuel Heat Oxygen Chemical reaction

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association

Wastes that are delayed to decay

Chemical waste Pharmaceutical waste Radioactive waste

Types of waste that are BURIED after treatment by non-burn technologists

sharps pathological waste

Types of waste that are collected and disposed by suppliers

aerosol/pressurized containers pharmaceutical waste radioactive waste