Lec 26 Respiration 1

Question 1

what is the posterior portion of the nose?

Answer 1

nasopharynx

Question 2

what is the inferior boundary of the nasal cavity composed of

Answer 2

maxilla and palatine bones

Question 3

what composes the lining of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

mucosa
goblet cells
blood vessels
olfactory epithelium
cilia

Question 4

what kind of cells is mucosa made up of?

Answer 4

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 5

what is found in the mucous membrane of epithelium and produces sticky mucus to bathe surfaces?

Answer 5

goblet cells

Question 6

in which bones are the paranasal sinuses found?

Answer 6

frontal
ethmoid
splenoid
maxilla

Question 7

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 7

they lessen the weight of bone

play a role in sound resonance

Question 8

which structure connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus?

Answer 8

pharynx

Question 9

what muscle is the pharynx composed of?

Answer 9

skeletal muscle [for swallowing]

Question 10

what cells line the pharynx?

Answer 10

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

which division of the pharynx contains an opening for auditory?

Answer 11

nasopharynx

Question 12

which division of the pharynx contains pharyngeal tonsils, aka adenoids?

Answer 12

nasopharynx

Question 13

during the act of swallowing, which structures are elevated to close off the nasopharynx?

Answer 13

soft palate and uvula

Question 14

which division of the nasal cavity is the uppermost portion, the middle portion, and lowermost portion?

Answer 14

nasopharynx - upper
oropharynx - middle
laryngopharynx - lowermost

Question 15

which part of the pharynx contains lingual and palatine tonsils?

Answer 15

oropharynx

Question 16

which part of the pharynx is the region where food is?

Answer 16

laryngopharynx

Question 17

what structures does the larynx connect?

Answer 17

laryngopharynx with trachea

Question 18

what vertebral levels is the larynx located?

Answer 18

C4-6

Question 19

which prominent anterior cartilaginous plate of the larynx is also known as the adams apple?

Answer 19

thyroid cartilage

Question 20

what is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 20

ring shaped cartilage located inferior to thyroid cartilage

Question 21

where is the epiglottis attached?

Answer 21

posteriorly to the thyroid cartilage

Question 22

which part of the larynx acts as a flap behind the base of the tongue?

Answer 22

epiglottis

Question 23

what part of the throat are the vocal cords connected to?

Answer 23

larynx

Question 24

what type of CT is found in the vocal cords?

Answer 24

elastic CT

Question 25

what type of cartilage are vocal cords attached to in the larynx?

Answer 25

arytenoid cartilage

Question 26

where is the trachea located?

Answer 26

inferior to larynx anterior to esophagus connects larynx to bronchi

Question 27

what happens to the trachea at the sternal angle?

Answer 27

it bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi

Question 28

what is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 28

multiple C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 29

what type of CT composes the posterior wall of the trachea?

Answer 29

fibrous CT

Question 30

why does the trachea need to be flexible?

Answer 30

to allow for expansion of the esophagus aka swallowing

Question 31

what type of epithelium is the trachea lined with?

Answer 31

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 32

where does the primary bronchi begin?

Answer 32

at the sternal angle

Question 33

the primary bronchi is composed of rings of cartilage lined with what type of epithelium and muscle?

Answer 33

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and smooth muscle

Question 34

what do the primary bronchi bifurcate into?

Answer 34

right and left bronchi

Question 35

how many lobes are in the left lung? right lung?

Answer 35

left : 2 | right : 3

Question 36

what is the purpose of the secondary bronchi?

Answer 36

to conduct air

Question 37

what happens as the secondary bronchi become more terminal?

Answer 37

increase in amt of smooth muscle in wall of bronchi

Question 38

in the tertiary bronchi, what happens when cartilage gradually decreases?

Answer 38

smooth muscle inc

Question 39

what type of epithelium is found in tertiary bronchi?

Answer 39

cuboidal like epithelium

Question 40

what are characteristics of terminal bronchioles?

Answer 40

only smooth muscles and epithelium NO cartilage open into alveolar ducts

Question 41

where does gas exchange occur in the lung?

Answer 41

alveoli

Question 42

what nerve fibers are located in the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 42

olfactory nerve

Question 43

name of duct that carries tears from eye to nasal cavity

Answer 43

nasolacrimal duct

Question 44

anteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?

Answer 44

cartilage

Question 45

posteriorly, the nasal septum is composed of?

Answer 45

vomer, ethmoid

Question 46

what is located in the interior of the larynx?

Answer 46

vocal cords

Question 47

what are true vocal cords made out of? false?

Answer 47

true - elastic CT | false - inelastic CT

Question 48

what is the shape of cricoid cartilage?

Answer 48

signet ring

Question 49

what is the name of the membrane located between larynx and cricoid cartilage?

Answer 49

cricothyroid membrane

Question 50

how does the cartilagenous framework of the trachea differ from the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 50

it is C-shaped and more flexible bc esophagus is behind trachea so you want greater expansion

Question 51

why is cartilage present in the respiratory tract? where is it absent?

Answer 51

for protection. absent in posterior surface of trachea

Question 52

how do the right and left primary bronchi differ in length?

Answer 52

right is straighter and shorter | left is curved and longer

Question 53

what region of the lung do the left and right secondary bronchi supply?

Answer 53

lobes

Question 54

how does composition of terminal bronchioles differ from the rest of the bronchial tree?

Answer 54

no cartilage