Digestive 1 Flashcards
what type of epithelium cells is the GI tract made up of?
simple columnar
what type of cell are your cheeks, pharynx and esophagus made up of?
stratified squamous
what type of epithelium cell are your cheeks lined with?
stratified squamous epithelium
what does your palate consist of?
hard palate, soft palate, uvula
what is your hard palate formed by?
maxilla and palatine bones
what does your soft palate consist of?
muscle.
what part of the mouth does the uvula protect?
protects soft palate
prevents food from going up nose
diff between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
intrinsic - interwoven skeletal muscle
extrinsic - attached to base of tongue, originate from other areas like hyoid bone
what is the dorsal surface of the tongue made up of?
papillae
taste buds, raised areas, sensitive to touch
what is the exposed portion of the teeth?
crown
what is the portion of the teeth that enters the gum?
neck
what is the peridontal membrane?
special type of peritoneum that lines socket
what alveolus of the teeth?
socket in bone
what does the internal structure of teeth consist of?
dentin, enamel, pulp, root canal
what are the buccal glands?
small glands located on the mucosal membrane of mouth
where are the parotid glands located and where does it drain into?
located inferior and anterior to ear
drains into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar
where are the submandibular glands located? where does it empty into?
inside the mandible
drains into floor of mouth
what is the composition of saliva?
99% water
enzymes: lysozyme and amylase
mucous
salts
what is the purpose of salts in saliva?
maintaining proper pH
what structures make up the alimentary canal?
esophagus to anal canal
what four layers is the alimentary canal made up of?
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
which epithelium layers is the mucosa of the alimentary canal made up of?
stratified squamous
simple columnar
lamina propria
which organs of the alimentary canal are made up of simple columnar cells?
stomach, small & large intestines
what type of cell is lamina propria made up of?
basement membrane
what does the submucosa layer contain?
many blood vessels
elastic and collagenous fibers -> allows gi tract to expand
nerve plexuses
what does the muscularis layer contain?
smooth muscle (inner circular layer that mixes food) outer longitudinal layer (propels food)
what type of system is the muscularis layer innervated by?
autonomic nervous system
what is the outer covering of the serosa layer composed of?
fibrous CT
what are the components of the autonomic nervous system of the GI tract?
celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus
meissners plexus
myenteric plexus
where is the celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus located, and what do they do?
located around major arteries
transmits impulses from vagus nerve (CN X)
where is meissners plexus located? state its purpose
within submucosa
controls glands and mucosal folds, contraction of muscularis mucosae
where is the myenteric plexus located? purpose?
muscularis layer
major nerve supply to smooth muscle of the GI tract
which plexus of the Gi tract aids in peristalsis and segmentation?
myenteric plexus
what do sympathetic fibers do to the GI tract? parasympathetic?
sympathetic inhibits GI tract
parasympathetic promotes GI activity
where is the esophagus located?
posterior to trachea
where does the esophagus begin?
larynx
where does the esophagus pass through to join the stomach?
hiatus in diaphragm
what is the mucosal layer of the esophagus made up of?
stratified squamous
submucosa
what is the muscular layer of the esophagus made up of?
upper 1/3 - skeletal muscle
middle - combo of both skeletal and smooth muscle
lower 1/3 - smooth muscle
what is the purpose of the gastroesophageal sphincter?
prevents stomach contents from being regurgitated into esophagus
what type of muscle is the gastroesophageal sphincter made up of?
smooth
