Digestive 1

Question 1

what type of epithelium cells is the GI tract made up of?

Answer 1

simple columnar

Question 2

what type of cell are your cheeks, pharynx and esophagus made up of?

Answer 2

stratified squamous

Question 3

what type of epithelium cell are your cheeks lined with?

Answer 3

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

what does your palate consist of?

Answer 4

hard palate, soft palate, uvula

Question 5

what is your hard palate formed by?

Answer 5

maxilla and palatine bones

Question 6

what does your soft palate consist of?

Answer 6

muscle.

Question 7

what part of the mouth does the uvula protect?

Answer 7

protects soft palate

prevents food from going up nose

Question 8

diff between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

Answer 8

intrinsic - interwoven skeletal muscle

extrinsic - attached to base of tongue, originate from other areas like hyoid bone

Question 9

what is the dorsal surface of the tongue made up of?

Answer 9

papillae

taste buds, raised areas, sensitive to touch

Question 10

what is the exposed portion of the teeth?

Answer 10

crown

Question 11

what is the portion of the teeth that enters the gum?

Answer 11

neck

Question 12

what is the peridontal membrane?

Answer 12

special type of peritoneum that lines socket

Question 13

what alveolus of the teeth?

Answer 13

socket in bone

Question 14

what does the internal structure of teeth consist of?

Answer 14

dentin, enamel, pulp, root canal

Question 15

what are the buccal glands?

Answer 15

small glands located on the mucosal membrane of mouth

Question 16

where are the parotid glands located and where does it drain into?

Answer 16

located inferior and anterior to ear

drains into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar

Question 17

where are the submandibular glands located? where does it empty into?

Answer 17

inside the mandible

drains into floor of mouth

Question 18

what is the composition of saliva?

Answer 18

99% water
enzymes: lysozyme and amylase
mucous
salts

Question 19

what is the purpose of salts in saliva?

Answer 19

maintaining proper pH

Question 20

what structures make up the alimentary canal?

Answer 20

esophagus to anal canal

Question 21

what four layers is the alimentary canal made up of?

Answer 21

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 22

which epithelium layers is the mucosa of the alimentary canal made up of?

Answer 22

stratified squamous
simple columnar
lamina propria

Question 23

which organs of the alimentary canal are made up of simple columnar cells?

Answer 23

stomach, small & large intestines

Question 24

what type of cell is lamina propria made up of?

Answer 24

basement membrane

Question 25

what does the submucosa layer contain?

Answer 25

many blood vessels elastic and collagenous fibers -> allows gi tract to expand nerve plexuses

Question 26

what does the muscularis layer contain?

Answer 26

``` smooth muscle (inner circular layer that mixes food) outer longitudinal layer (propels food) ```

Question 27

what type of system is the muscularis layer innervated by?

Answer 27

autonomic nervous system

Question 28

what is the outer covering of the serosa layer composed of?

Answer 28

fibrous CT

Question 29

what are the components of the autonomic nervous system of the GI tract?

Answer 29

celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus meissners plexus myenteric plexus

Question 30

where is the celiac plexus and mesenteric plexus located, and what do they do?

Answer 30

located around major arteries | transmits impulses from vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 31

where is meissners plexus located? state its purpose

Answer 31

within submucosa | controls glands and mucosal folds, contraction of muscularis mucosae

Question 32

where is the myenteric plexus located? purpose?

Answer 32

muscularis layer | major nerve supply to smooth muscle of the GI tract

Question 33

which plexus of the Gi tract aids in peristalsis and segmentation?

Answer 33

myenteric plexus

Question 34

what do sympathetic fibers do to the GI tract? parasympathetic?

Answer 34

sympathetic inhibits GI tract | parasympathetic promotes GI activity

Question 35

where is the esophagus located?

Answer 35

posterior to trachea

Question 36

where does the esophagus begin?

Answer 36

larynx

Question 37

where does the esophagus pass through to join the stomach?

Answer 37

hiatus in diaphragm

Question 38

what is the mucosal layer of the esophagus made up of?

Answer 38

stratified squamous | submucosa

Question 39

what is the muscular layer of the esophagus made up of?

Answer 39

upper 1/3 - skeletal muscle middle - combo of both skeletal and smooth muscle lower 1/3 - smooth muscle

Question 40

what is the purpose of the gastroesophageal sphincter?

Answer 40

prevents stomach contents from being regurgitated into esophagus

Question 41

what type of muscle is the gastroesophageal sphincter made up of?

Answer 41

smooth