Lecture 32 - 33 - Digestive II

Question 1

what is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 1

lines body cavity

Question 2

what is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 2

covers organs

Question 3

what is the greater omentum?

Answer 3

suspended from the interior curvature of the stomach to posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

what is the lesser omentum?

Answer 4

attaches the lesser curvature of stomach to liver

Question 5

what is the function of the falciform ligament?

Answer 5

attaches liver to inferior side of diaphragm and anterior body wall

Question 6

what is the mesentery?

Answer 6

attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Question 7

what is the mesocolon?

Answer 7

attaches large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

what does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 8

organs that are not completely covered with peritoneum.

Question 9

which organs are retroperitoneal/

Answer 9

pancreas
kidney
portion of duodenum
ascending and descending colon

Question 10

where is the stomach located?

Answer 10

upper left quadrant

between esophagus and small intestine

Question 11

the stomach is a j shaped organ divided into what 4 regions?

Answer 11

pylorus
body
fundus
cardiac

Question 12

what are the borders of the stomach?

Answer 12

greater curvature - inferior

lesser curvature - superior

Question 13

the muscularis layer of the stomach is composed of what 3 layers?

Answer 13

circular - inner (smooth)
longitudinal - outer (propels)
oblique layer

Question 14

what is the rugae?

Answer 14

folds of mucosal layer

increases SA for secretion and digestion

Question 15

what cells are found in the gastric glands?

Answer 15

chief cells
parietal cells
mucous cells
enteroendocrine cells

Question 16

what enzyme do chief cells produce?

Answer 16

pepsinogen

Question 17

what is the function of parietal cells?

Answer 17

produce HCl to dec pH of stomach

intrinsic factor required for B12 absorption

Question 18

what hormone does enteroendocrine cells secrete?

Answer 18

gastrin - increases GI activity

Question 19

where is the pyloric sphincter located?

Answer 19

most distal part of stomach

Question 20

function of the pyloric sphinctor?

Answer 20

changes diameter by contracting and relaxing

passageway of cyme

Question 21

what are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 21

mechanical mixing of food and chyme
initiates protein digestion
storage of cyme
absorption (minimum)

Question 22

where is the small intestine located?

Answer 22

extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

occupies central and lower portion of abdominal cavity

Question 23

what part of the small intestine has a C-shaped region and is retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

duodenum

Question 24

what are the duodenal papilla

Answer 24

opening through which bile and enzymes enter the duodenum

Question 25

what is brunners gland

Answer 25

secretes alkaline mucosa

Question 26

what part of the small intestine is found in the middle portion and has slightly larger lumen?

Answer 26

jejunum

Question 27

what is the third region of the small intestine?

Answer 27

ileum

Question 28

what are peyer's patches?

Answer 28

clusters of lymphatic tissue that prevents bacteria from going into small intestine

Question 29

what are functions of the small intestine?

Answer 29

major site of chemical digestion mechanical mixing major site of absorption of nutrients propels undigested materials to large intestine

Question 30

where are the rugae, gastric glands, and pyloric sphincter found?

Answer 30

mucosal layer of stomach

Question 31

what are the structural specializations of the intestinal wall?

Answer 31

plicae circulares villi, microvilli, lacteals intestinal glands

Question 32

what are the plicae circulares?

Answer 32

deep folds of mucosa

Question 33

what are microvilli, whats its purpose

Answer 33

microscopic processes on columnar cells | promotes absorption

Question 34

what are lacteals

Answer 34

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Question 35

what do intestinal glands do?

Answer 35

secrete enzymes

Question 36

where is the large intestine located?

Answer 36

end of ileum -> lower right quadrant | extends superiorly to liver

Question 37

what are the regions of the large intestine?

Answer 37

``` cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal ```

Question 38

what is the cecum? where is it located

Answer 38

dilated pouch at junction of small and large intestines | located in lower right quadrant

Question 39

what is the purpose of the ileocecal valve?

Answer 39

guards opening

Question 40

where is the ascending colon located on?

Answer 40

right side

Question 41

where is the transverse colon

Answer 41

passes from right to left side

Question 42

what part of the large intestine is s-shaped, extends from left side of body to center?

Answer 42

sigmoid colon

Question 43

where is the rectum located?

Answer 43

midline, leads to anal canal

Question 44

where does the anal canal lead to?

Answer 44

anus, sphincters

Question 45

what muscles are found in the internal anal sphincter and external ?

Answer 45

internal - smooth | external - skeletal

Question 46

which regions of the large intestine join one another at the hepatic flexure and splenic flexure?

Answer 46

hepatic flexure - ascending and transverse | splenic flexure - descending and transverse

Question 47

what is another name for the hepatic and splenic flexures?

Answer 47

hepatic - right colic flexure | splenic - left colic flexure

Question 48

what are the structural specializations of the wall of the large intestine?

Answer 48

taeniae coli haustra epiploic appendages

Question 49

what are the taeniae coli?

Answer 49

3 distinct bands of smooth muscle

Question 50

what are the haustra?

Answer 50

sac like regions

Question 51

what are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 51

absorption of water manufacture vitamins contains normal bacteria [flora] formation,storage,expulsion of feces

Question 52

where is the appendix located?

Answer 52

lower right quadrant | behind cecum

Question 53

what structure has fingerlike projections, blind pouch, lymphatic tissue?

Answer 53

appendix

Question 54

where are peyer's patches found?

Answer 54

ileum

Question 55

where does majority of absorption take place?

Answer 55

jejunum

Question 56

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 56

expels bile | concentration and storage of bile

Question 57

difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Answer 57

exocrine - pancreatic enzymes travel thru duct | endocrine - alpha and beta cells go straight into blood stream (alpha = glucagon, beta = insulin)