Lec 30 Endocrine System

Question 1

describe the negative feedback mechanism

Answer 1

hormone level decreases -> secretion of hormone inc -> hormone level inc -> glands stop secreting hormone (since there is now enough)

Question 2

where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 2

interior surface of brain
attached to hypothalamus
surrounded by wall of willis

Question 3

what is the structure of the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

2 distinct lobes -> adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis

Question 4

what is the difference between adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis?

Answer 4

adenohypophysis -
no storage, production instead.
anterior
glanduar portion (produces)
produces and secretes 6 major hormones

neurohypophysis
posterior
storage
nervous portion
stores and releases 2 hormones by hypothalamus

Question 5

what are the hormones secreted by the pituitary?

Answer 5

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adreonocroticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, oxytoxin, antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

what is the action of growth hormones?

Answer 6

increases protein synthesis & mitosis

regulates growth of most cells of the body

Question 7

what is the action of ACTH?

Answer 7

controls secretions of hormones of the adrenal cortex

Question 8

what is the action of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 8

plays role in ovulation

stimulates secretion of sex hormones

Question 9

what is the action of prolactin?

Answer 9

secretion of milk from mammary glands

Question 10

what is the action of oxytocin?

Answer 10

stimulates uterine contractions

promotes milk ejection from breast

Question 11

what is the action of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 11

affects permeability of the kidney tubules to reduce the excretion of water

Question 12

which 2 hormones secreted by the pituitary is made in the hypothalamus

Answer 12

oxytocin and ADH

Question 13

where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 13

anterior neck inferior to larynx

surrounds anterior and lateral aspect of trachea

Question 14

what hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland

Answer 14

throxine (T4), triiodothromine(T3), calcitonin

Question 15

what is the structure of throxine and triiodothyromine?

Answer 15

2 lobes connected by an isthmus, may contain pyramidal lobe

Question 16

what is the effect of the thyroxine and triiodothyromine glands?

Answer 16

regulates metabolic rate

Question 17

what is the structure of calcitonin?

Answer 17

cuboidal cells - hormone production

follicles - store hormones

Question 18

what effect does calcitonin have?

Answer 18

regulates osteoclast activity and lowers blood calcium levels

Question 19

where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 19

embedded on posterior side of thyroid gland

Question 20

where is the site of action for the parathyroid gland?

Answer 20

osteoclast in bone, kidney, intestine

Question 21

what is the effect of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 21

increase in blood calcium levels

Question 22

where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 22

superior pole of the kidneys

Question 23

what hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

Answer 23

androgens (estrogen / progesterone)
epinephrine
aldosterone (mineracorticoid)
cortisol hydrocortison (a glucocorticod)

Question 24

where is the site of action of aldosterone?

Answer 24

kidney tubules

Question 25

what is the effect of aldosterone?

Answer 25

regulates Na & K levels

Question 26

what is the effect of cortisol hydrocortison?

Answer 26

prevent/ reduces inflammation

Question 27

what hormone do beta and alpha cells secrete?

Answer 27

beta - insulin | alpha - glucagon

Question 28

which part of the pancreas contains the beta and alpha cells?

Answer 28

endocrine

Question 29

where is the site of action for exocrine cells?

Answer 29

ducts

Question 30

what is the effect of beta cells vs alpha cells?

Answer 30

beta cells regulate transport of glucose into cells | alpha cells convert glycogen into glucose

Question 31

what hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 31

melatonin

Question 32

what does ACTH stand for?

Answer 32

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 33

what does TSH stand for?

Answer 33

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 34

what is the difference between prolactin and oxytocin?

Answer 34

prolactin produces milk, oxytocin ejects milk

Question 35

which 2 hormones in the pituitary stimulate sex hormone secretion?

Answer 35

follicle stimulating | lutenizing hormone

Question 36

what is the effect of the thyroid gland?

Answer 36

regulates basal metabolic rate

Question 37

where is the site of action for thyroid gland?

Answer 37

most cells

Question 38

where is site of action for calcitonin?

Answer 38

bones

Question 39

which hormones of the adrenal gland are made in the cortex?

Answer 39

androgens, aldosterone, cortisol hydrocortison

Question 40

which hormone of the adrenal glands are made in the medulla?

Answer 40

epinephrine

Question 41

what is the inner portion and outer portion of the adrenal glands?

Answer 41

inner - medulla | outer - cortex