Lecture 1

Question 1

What is inflammation?

Answer 1

our immune system’s response to infection or injury

Question 2

4 signs of inflammation

Answer 2

heat, redness, swelling, pain

Question 3

Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 3

germs cause disease

Question 4

Koch’s postulates

Answer 4

1. The microorganisms must be present in all cases of the disease
2. The microorganism can be isolated from the disease host and grown in pure culture
3. The microorganism from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy host
4. The microorganisms must be preisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated microorganism

Question 5

What is immunology?

Answer 5

study of host-microbe interactions (& so much more…)

Question 6

What is immunity?

Answer 6

ability to (1) discriminate between self and non-self and upon doing so to (2) mount an appropriate defense

Question 7

What are pathogens? Examples?

Answer 7

disease causing organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites)

Question 8

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 8

Gram-negative is covered in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane

Question 9

What receptors recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Answer 9

TLR-4 and LPS receptor (CD14)

Question 10

What receptor recognizes lipoteichoic acid?

Answer 10

TLR-2

Question 11

What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?

Answer 11

receptors that are expressed by certain immune cells to discern self/non-self

Question 12

What defines the innate immune system?

Answer 12

Fixed receptors

Question 13

What defines the adaptive immune system?

Answer 13

Variable receptors

Question 14

What group does not have an adaptive immune system?

Answer 14

Invertebrates

Question 15

What cells belong to the innate immune system?

Answer 15

Granulocytes (or polymorphonuclear leukocytes), neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, macrophage, mast cell

Question 16

What cells belong to the adaptive immune system?

Answer 16

B cell, T cell

Question 17

What cell bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses?

Answer 17

Dendritic cell

Question 18

What are the two broad functions of innate immune cells?

Answer 18

Phagocytosis and Granule Release

Question 19

What is the activated function of a macrophage?

Answer 19

phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms, antigen presentation

Question 20

What is the activated function of an eosinophil?

Answer 20

killing of antibody-coated parasites

Question 21

What is the activated function of a basophil?

Answer 21

promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity

Question 22

What is the activated function of a Neutrophil?

Answer 22

phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms

Question 23

What is the activated function of a mast cell?

Answer 23

release of granules containing histamine and active agents

Question 24

What is the function of B-Cells?

Answer 24

production of secreted antibodies

Question 25

What are the functions of T-Cells?

Answer 25

1) Help other immune cells become more responsive or more effective 2) Kill cells