Lecture 5

Question 1

How do cytokines, chemokines, and interferons get expressed?

Answer 1

TLR, NLR, RIG-I, MD-5, cGAS-STING –> activate NfkB or IRF3 –> expression

Question 2

What are the differences between cytokines, interferons, and chemokines?

Answer 2

cytokines & interferons: provide instructions for what to do
chemokines: provide instructions for where to go

ALL interferons are cytokines. not all cytokines are interferons!!

Question 3

What do interferons do?

Answer 3

immune signaling molecules that promote detection/elimination of intracellular pathogens
1. increase expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)
2. ISGs function to inhibit pathogen replication/propagation
3. amplify signal to neighboring cells
4. increase expression and presentation of antigens on MHC Class I Molecules

Question 4

Type I Immune Response

Answer 4

innate and adaptive immune cells coordinate removal of intracellular bacterial pathogens

Question 5

Type II Immune Response

Answer 5

innate and adaptive immune cells coordinate extracellular worm/parasitic pathogens

Question 6

Type III Immune Response

Answer 6

innate and adaptive immune cells coordinate removal of extracellular bacterial pathogens

Question 7

How do immune cells migrate to sites of infection?

Answer 7

1. Rolling adhesion
2. Tight binding
3. Diapedesis
4. Migration