Lecture 25 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is NIMA?
non-inherited maternal antigen
Explain pregnancy-induced microchimerism
tolerance expands in pregnancy for paternal antigens expressed by the fetus, this becomes sustained by fetal microchimeric cells after parturition (cells from fetus enter mother, stay there)
What are the benefits of microchimerisms?
induce tolerance in mother for subsequent pregnancy, suppress autoimmune diseases?
What are impacts of severe maternal infections like Zika, Listeria, etc.?
vertical transmission results in developmental defects and/or premature birth
What are impacts of minor/asymptomatic maternal infections like the common cold or stomach flu?
transient, may result in tissue immunity
What accumulation is elevated in the GI tract from transient maternal infection?
Th17
What promotes inflammatory cytokine production in pregnant female mice?
yopM
What IL is sufficient to promote offspring TH17 in the GI tract?
IL-6
How are Th17 responses in the GI tract induced in the fetus?
expression of IL-6R by fetal intestinal epithelial cells –> IL-6 signaling promotes
How do helminths relate to allergy?
promote regulatory immunity that prevents inflammatory response to harmless agents, deworming treatment during pregnancy –> increased risk of allergy in offspring
What is enhanced in the offspring after maternal helminth infection?
enhanced type 1 interferon, protection against respiratory viral infection
How is the antiviral response conferred to offspring?
during lactation through helminth-altered microbiota (not antibodies)
What promotes interferon in lung epithelium? What does it confer? How?
indole-3-propionate (IPA)
protection against respiratory viral infection through promoting interferon production
What is transferred from the mother to the fetus in transplacental transfer?
nutrients (glucose), antibodies (IgG), cells, cytokines, metabolites
What is transferred from the mother to the fetus through breastmilk?
nutrients (lipids), antibodies (IgA), cells, cytokines, metabolites
