Flashcards in Lecture 1 Deck (99)
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1
Human Behavior Ecology examines how -- factors influence and shape behavioral flexibility within and between populations
ecological and social
2
-- is the result of complex interaction between biology and environment
behavior
3
HBE assumes behavior is quite --
flexible
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behavior is -- dependent
context
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the study of human adaptation to the social and physical environment
cultural ecology
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evolution and adaptive design in ecological context
ethology/evolutionary ecology
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-- are the theoretical underpinnings of HBE
cultural ecology and ethology
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nature of human activity controlled by parameters of physical world
determinists
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determinists view humans as -- agents
passive
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the environment sets some constraints but cultural diversity is largely determined by man's actions
possibilists
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possibilists view humans as -- agents
active
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cultural ecology lacks a strong -- from which to derive hypotheses
theoretical basis
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cultural ecology is mainly --
correlational
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the study of ethology became prominent in the --
1950s
15
ethology, study of animal behavior focused on -- behavior
instinctual
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shared the nobel prize in Physiology with von Frisch for their work on social behavior patterns in animals
Tinbergen and Lorenz
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Tinbergen's Question: What are the mechanisms that -- behavior?
cause
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Tinbergen's Question: How does the behavior -- in the individual?
develop (ontogeny)
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Tinbergen's Question: How has the behavior -- How does the behavior compare to that found in related species?
evolve
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Tinbergen's Question: What is the survival value of the behavior?
adaptive function
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-- cause is what enables the organism to manifest the behavior
proximate
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-- cause is how and why the behavior came to be
ultimate
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Cultural ecology and Theory of Culture Change
Steward
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Why does ecology affect behavior?
natural selection
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proximate cause is the -- mechanism or stimulus that initiates or triggers a pattern of behavior
immediate
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What causes birds to fly south for the winter? They sense and respond to environmental cues such as shortened day length
proximate cause
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What causes birds to fly south for the winter? There is more food further south in the winter
ultimate cause
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ultimate cause is the explanation that reveals the -- of a trait
adaptive value
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What are the mechanisms that cause declines in fertility? -- cause
proximate
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