Flashcards in Lecture 2 Deck (96)
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1
human anomaly: humans can master --, technology, modify environments, and developed culture beyond survival
various environments
2
language is limited to vocabulary recognition not --
grammar
3
T/F: primitive tool use in chimps
true
4
food sharing in the wild is quite --
limited
5
experimental games show limited -- tendencies among chimps
pro-social
6
one fundamental trait that sets humans apart: extensive reliance on -- resulting in cumulative culture
social learning
7
one fundamental trait that sets humans apart: extraordinary cooperation between -- including specialization, trade and complex alliance networks
non-kin
8
-- is information stored in brains, institutions, and material goods that is transmitted socially and influences behavior
culture
9
T/F: particular units of culture (ideas, trends) change in frequency over time
true
10
other species have learned and regionally -- but these are thought to be qualitatively different from human culture
specific traditions
11
the ability to display increasing complex behaviors built on prior socially transmitted info
cumulative cultural adaptation
12
modifications and improvements are transferred faithfully until further changes -- things up again
ratchet
13
humans focus on -- as much as or more than product
process
14
T/F: children tend to "over-imitate"
true
15
T/F: teaching is common in humans but rare in other species
true
16
human imitation extends to -- and emotions (e.g. altruistic or pro-social tendencies)
behaviors
17
humans have -- in their learning
biases (i.e. prestige bias)
18
key components of human culture are -- learned norms and behaviors
socially
19
culturally specific rules about behavior are --
universal
20
T/F: kin cooperation is common in many species
true
21
the ability to cooperate with large numbers of unrelated individuals
ultrasociality
22
economist predictions that humans should be self-interested (or at least only interested in self and kin) -- supported in many instances
fail to be
23
a structure or property that developed in an ancestral stock and was useful in a descendant in a changed environment
pre-adaptation
24
example of preadaptation: the ability to understand the knowledge or beliefs of others
theory of mind
25
chimps probably have theory of mind and some facets of social learning (imitation) and yet they did not evolve the -- that humans have
cultural complexity
26
T/F: bipedalism is a human pre-adaptation
true
27
bipedalism allows for coverage of -- geographical ranges
expansive
28
H-G daily home ranges -- that of chimps
2-3 times more
29
bipedalism led to exposure to greater -- variability
environmental
30