Flashcards in Lecture 3 Deck (107)
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1
study of the key events in an individual's life related to fertility and mortality
life history
2
the timing and schedule of life history events are shaped by --
natural selection
3
life history events are are influenced by -- and cultural norms
socio-ecological conditions
4
for any given individual, available resources in any particular environment are finite
principle of allocation
5
time, effort, and -- used for one purpose diminishes the time, effort, and -- available for another
energy
6
generally, natural selection should result in -- allocation patterns which then result in the life history of an organism
optimal
7
principle of allocation results in trade-offs between the goals of growth, maintenance, and --
reproduction
8
allocating energy to future reproduction has opportunity costs to --
fertility
9
current reproduction has cost to later reproduction due to --
lost growth/maintenance
10
beginning reproduction early has cost to --
personal growth
11
a later age at first birth means the mother may be in better condition, but her reproductive lifespan is then --
shorter
12
less stressor lead to -- age of first pregnancy
later
13
as an organism ages, he or she should start to shift energy toward current reproduction (greater risk of death means you should reproduce now and not wait)
terminal investment hypothesis
14
twinning rates -- with maternal age
increase
15
breastfeeding rates -- among older women
higher
16
discounted number of future children expected to be born to a woman of a certain age
reproductive value
17
reproductive value -- from maturity onward
decreases
18
if bigger risk are controllable (malnutrition) -->
quality strategy
19
if bigger risk are random (snake bites) -->
quantity strategy
20
where diseases are present, the best buffer is to have -- kids
more (quantity strategy)
21
r-selected: -- growth and early maturation
fast
22
r-selected: produce -- offspring
many
23
r-selected: -- parental investment per offspring
low
24
r-selected: -- lifespans
shorter
25
r-selected: suited to life in -- environments
unstable
26
r-selected: -- strategy
quantity
27
K-selected: mature -- and have longer growth period
slowly
28
K-selected: -- offspring
few
29
K-selected: -- investment per offspring
high
30