Lecture 4 Flashcards
(55 cards)
parental investment is any investment by the in their offspring that increases the offspring’s chance of surviving at the – of the parent’s ability to invest in other offspring
cost
T/F: the amount of obligatory parental investment often differs for males and females
true
in humans, females have greater obligatory parental investment: pregnancy and – which is now longer no longer obligatory
lactation
Trivers: the sex with higher parental investment is – about who they mate with
choosier
the sex you invests less will be more – for access to the higher investing sex
competitive
the number of offspring an individual produces, who themselves are capable of producing offspring
reproductive success
reproductive success counts the # of children who survived to at least age –
5
reproductive success is best measure by the # of –
grandkids
females have – variance in how many kids they have
less
males have – variance in how many kids they have
more
female reproduction is limited by their – not by the finding of a partner
biology
T/F: males are limited by the # of partners they find
true
differences in reproductive – affect mating-parenting trade-offs
variance
– benefit greatly from putting more effort into mating
males
What makes human parenting unique? it lasts a long time and is –
multi-faceted
time to adulthood is – as long in humans as it is in chimps
twice
most of the difference between human and chimp lifespans is a lengthening of the – in humans
juvenile period (post-weaning)
T/F: delaying reproduction allows more time for brain growth and time to learn
true
for females (and maybe males), parental investment begins –
before birth
ways to adjust the quantity-quality trade-off
- total # of offspring
- – between births
space
carrying multiple children or – is costly
stacking
short IBI –> – child mortality –> fewer offspring
higher
Blurton Jones predicted that first IBI should be – and won’t negatively affect mortality
shorter
Blurton Jones predicted IBIs should – with subsequent births and shorter IBIs should be associated with increased mortality
lengthened