Flashcards in Lecture 4 Deck (55)
Loading flashcards...
1
parental investment is any investment by the in their offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving at the -- of the parent's ability to invest in other offspring
cost
2
T/F: the amount of obligatory parental investment often differs for males and females
true
3
in humans, females have greater obligatory parental investment: pregnancy and -- which is now longer no longer obligatory
lactation
4
Trivers: the sex with higher parental investment is -- about who they mate with
choosier
5
the sex you invests less will be more -- for access to the higher investing sex
competitive
6
the number of offspring an individual produces, who themselves are capable of producing offspring
reproductive success
7
reproductive success counts the # of children who survived to at least age --
5
8
reproductive success is best measure by the # of --
grandkids
9
females have -- variance in how many kids they have
less
10
males have -- variance in how many kids they have
more
11
female reproduction is limited by their -- not by the finding of a partner
biology
12
T/F: males are limited by the # of partners they find
true
13
differences in reproductive -- affect mating-parenting trade-offs
variance
14
-- benefit greatly from putting more effort into mating
males
15
What makes human parenting unique? it lasts a long time and is --
multi-faceted
16
time to adulthood is -- as long in humans as it is in chimps
twice
17
most of the difference between human and chimp lifespans is a lengthening of the -- in humans
juvenile period (post-weaning)
18
T/F: delaying reproduction allows more time for brain growth and time to learn
true
19
for females (and maybe males), parental investment begins --
before birth
20
ways to adjust the quantity-quality trade-off
1. total # of offspring
2. -- between births
space
21
carrying multiple children or -- is costly
stacking
22
short IBI --> -- child mortality --> fewer offspring
higher
23
Blurton Jones predicted that first IBI should be -- and won't negatively affect mortality
shorter
24
Blurton Jones predicted IBIs should -- with subsequent births and shorter IBIs should be associated with increased mortality
lengthened
25
Blurton Jones predicted IBIs will be shorter among -- women
cattle-herding
26
birth intervals should reflect -- circumstance
local
27
!Kung women carry -- loads and forage long distances
heavy
28
Hadza women have -- distances to travel and more foods that children can gather --> shorter IBIs and higher fertility
shorter
29
Harpending: Hadza fertility is higher because they suffer from less --
secondary sterility
30