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Lecture 1 Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Life = ?

A

Organisms

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2
Q

What is an organism?

A

any living thing (an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form)

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3
Q

Scientists need to know how to differentiate and categorize what?

A

what’s living and what’s non-living

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4
Q

Name all the elements that are part of the organization of life (12):

A

Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ systems
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

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5
Q

Tell me about the molecule

A

The chemical components of cells

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6
Q

Why do we say chemical?

A

because molecules are made up of atoms; strong links/bonds; charged atoms are called ions

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7
Q

Tell me something very known about the cell

A

it’s the smallest unit of life

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8
Q

If we break down cells into little organs, how do we call them?

A

organelles

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9
Q

More specifically, what is an organelle?

A

it’s a membrane bound structure found within a cell (subcellular structure)

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10
Q

What element is next?

A

Tissue

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11
Q

What is a tissue?

A

it’s a group of similiar cells that perform the same function

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12
Q

Name the 4 types of tissues in humans

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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13
Q

What’s after tissue?

A

Organ

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14
Q

What is an organ?

A

a strucure with 2 or more tissues orking together to perform a function

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15
Q

What do you call at least 2 organs working together to perform a function?

A

Organ system

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16
Q

How many does a human have?

A

11 systems

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17
Q

Name a few organ systems:

A

cardiovascular system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)
nervous system
digestive system
reproductive system
respiratory system
urinary system
…

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18
Q

What does many organ systems form?

A

an individual

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19
Q

What is an individual?

A

a single organism

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20
Q

What’s after individual?

A

a population

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21
Q

What is a population?

A

all individuals of the same species in an area (specific species in a specific area)

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22
Q

Name the next category: All the species in an ecosystem that can interact

A

Community

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23
Q

Name the next category:
A community and its physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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24
Q

What is the last category?

A

Biosphere

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25
What is a biosphere?
the part of earth that supports life
26
The Properties of Life
ALL living things have 7 characteristics in common
27
Name all 7 characteristics:
1) Cells and biomolecules 2) Energy use and metabolism 3) Response to environmental changes 4) Regulation and Homostasis 5) Growth and Development 6) Reproduction 7) Biological Evolution
28
Tell me more about the first characteristics (Cells and Organization)
organisms consist of one or more cells with highly ordered structures
29
True or False: The cells are the basic unit of life
TRUE
30
Name different types of cells
Bacterial cells; Human bone cells; Plant cells; Single celled Protist
31
Name 4 important things that ALL cells MUST have
- surrounded by a membrane - contain genetic information (DNA) internal mass (cytoplasm) - have ribosomes (protein synthesis)
32
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid it's the carrier of genetic information
33
What is the cell theory?
It's a fundamental principle in biology
34
Name the 3 components of the cell theory:
1) a celle is the smallest unit of life 2) cells make up all living things 3) news cells arise from pre-existing cells
35
the second component (cells make up all living things); there's 2 categories
- can be single cell organism (bacteria, archaea, Protists (some)) OR - multicellular organism (Protists (some), plants, fungi, animals)
36
The second characteristic:
Energy use and Metabolism
37
What does a cell require to be maintained?
the maintenance of cells requires ENERGY
38
Living organisms require what?
Fuel
39
Where does fuel come from?
from the food we eat
40
How do plants get there energy?
through photosynthesis
41
What is obtained by food or light?
Chemical energy
42
Therefore, we say that food and light _____ all chemical reactions in our bodies (our metabolism)
power
43
What is the next characteristic?
Response to Environmental changes
44
What can you tell me about the responses to environmental changes?
Organisms respond to physical or chemical changes to the external and/or internal environment
45
Nem a couple of things organisms respond to:
odor (smell) temperature light heat sound pressure ...
46
What is an example of a response to environmental changes?
a plant will grow and point towards the light source
47
Internal responses maintain what?
homeostasis
48
What does homeostasis mean?
the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium
49
Another definition of Homeostatis:
the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium by ajudsting its physiological processes
50
EXAMPLES of regulation/homeostasis
Temperature regulation (our metabolism must be regulated to maintain a constant internal environment of 37 degres Celcius)
51
Next characteristic:
Growth and Development
52
Growth is related to the increase of what?
increase of size and number of cells
53
What does determinate growth mean?
growth stops, genetically pre-determined
54
What does indeterminate growth mean?
growth that is never terminated
55
Developement is related to which word?
changes
56
Next is Reproduction, name something VERY important
that organisms come from previously existing organisms
57
What is asexual reproduction?
it occurs when an organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging with another organism through sex (organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging genetic information)
58
In her slides, asexual means
organisms reproduce offspring that are exact copies of themselves
59
what is sexual reproduction?
unlike a clone, offspring produced by sexual reproduction vary genetically (from siblings and their parents) so basically the production of new organisms by the combinaison of genetic info
60
What is the last category?
Biological Evolution
61
What's important about reproduction?
living things have adaptative traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in their environments, and ultimately evolve
62
Name all 7 properties of life:
1) Cells and organization (biomolecules) 2) Energy use and metabolism 3) Response to environmental changes 4) Regulation and homeostatis 5) Growth and development 6) Reproduction 7) Biological Evolution
63
END of lecture 1

Biology🧪🌱💦 (21 decks)

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