Lecture 5

Question 1

What is the purpose of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

they story and transmit hereditary information in genes

Question 2

these genes, we call them units of what?

Answer 2

units of inheritance

Question 3

Why are nucleic acids important for proteins?

Answer 3

b/c they ensure the sequence of a.a. for polypeptides chains

Question 4

name the 2 types of nucleic acids

Answer 4

DNA and RNA

Question 5

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 6

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 6

Ribonucleic acid

Question 7

What does DNA do?

Answer 7

it stores info for protein synthesis

Question 8

what does RNA do?

Answer 8

it directs protein synthesis

Question 9

Which one act as blueprints to make various proteins in our cells?

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

which one acts like messengers to relay info?

Answer 10

RNA (specifically, mRNA)

Question 11

Do both DNA and RNA have Phosphate?

Answer 11

YES

Question 12

Do both DNA and RNA have Sugar?

Answer 12

yes but different
DNA: Deoxyribose
RNA: Ribose

Question 13

What are the bases of DNA?

Answer 13

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 14

What are the bases of RNA?

Answer 14

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 15

Which one is double and one stranded

Answer 15

DNA: double-stranded
RNA: single-stranded

Question 16

Name all 3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis

Answer 16

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 17

Why is DNA essential? (2)

Answer 17

it’s need for cell replication + it contains genes

Question 18

How long is DNA?

Answer 18

over 2m long

Question 19

Is the sequence of nucleotides are different, it means that….

Answer 19

the proteins are different (different functions)

Question 20

Each what carries information?

Answer 20

each gene (lowkey like a blueprint)

Question 21

Genes carry information that determines what of the protein?

Answer 21

the primary sequence of the protein

Question 22

What are the 2 major steps in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

Transcription and translation

Question 23

Transcription goes from DNA to what?
then translation, what to waht

Answer 23

DNA to RNA
RNA to protein

Question 24

What is transcription?

Answer 24

transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 25

What is a mRNA?

Answer 25

it's a single-starnded molecule that is synthesized in the nucleus

Question 26

mRNA are organized in group of what?

Answer 26

3 nucleotides

Question 27

what are these 3 nucleotides called?

Answer 27

codon

Question 28

So what is basically happening to the DNA template strand?

Answer 28

the strand is being copied (into mRNA)

Question 29

When is this process over (transcription over)?

Answer 29

once the mRNA molecule is complete

Question 30

Then the second part of protein synthesis starts, what is the name step?

Answer 30

translation

Question 31

What is translation?

Answer 31

the assembly of the protein primary structure

Question 32

How many amino acid to create a primary structure of the protein?

Answer 32

7 amino acids

Question 33

What is the start codon called?

Answer 33

Methionine

Question 34

do we count the last codon?

Answer 34

NO, it's called a stop codon (it's indicating in the table with all the different amino acids possible)

Question 35

Which type of RNA is important in this process?

Answer 35

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 36

What does a tRNA have?

Answer 36

anticodons (to complement the mRNA codons)

Question 37

AAG would paire with which codon?

Answer 37

UUC

Question 38

Why are ribosomes important in protein synthesis?

Answer 38

because it happens in the ribosome, it links mRNA and tRNA to make a protein

Question 39

The ribosome is separated in how many sections?

Answer 39

3 = E-P-A

Question 40

Where does the first (start codon) attaches to?

Answer 40

the P site

Question 41

Why is it like a zipper?

Answer 41

b/c p goes to e and a goes to p E <-- P <-- A <--

Question 42

Make a general/ easy summary of translation

Answer 42

- tRNA with anticodon matches mRNA codon - a.a. from tRNA linked to growing a.a. chain - tRNA is released and ribosome moves along mRNA chain

Question 43

What releases the polypeptide?

Answer 43

once a protein called release factor binds to A site, it causes a water molecule to hydrolyze the chain form tRNA in P site so elongation occurs until stop codon arrives at site A (UAG, UAA or UGA)