Lecture 1 - Histology Principles and Techniques

Question 1

Four Basic Tissue Types

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

Either a sheet of cells lining inner or outer surface of an organ
Or it can form glands

Question 3

Connective Tissue

Answer 3

Connects to two tissue types
different functions by location
Ratio of cell and extracellular matrix is based on function of the tissue

Question 4

Muscle Cells

Answer 4

Specialized for contractility

Question 5

Nervous Tissue

Answer 5

Specialized for transmission of signals

Question 6

Light Microscopy

Answer 6

Looking at a piece of tissue through a microscope. Low resolution
Must apply a stain for color

Question 7

Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Answer 7

Very thin tissue samples

Shine a beam of light of electrons is passed through the tissue and absorbed on photographic plate. Higher Resolution

Question 8

Scanning Electron Micrograph

Answer 8

Used to look at the surface of something. Uses same process of using electrons

Question 9

Finger Like Projections

Answer 9

Microvilli

Question 10

Histology Preparation Methods - and what they do

Answer 10

Smear - is a swipe of cells and smeared across the slide. Stained then examined
Sectional Method- prepare a thin slice of tissue for investigation

Question 11

Steps involved in Sectional Microscope Preparation

Answer 11

Fixation - stabilized so it wont deteriorate from being dead. (Ex. formalin, Bouin’s, gluteraldehyde)

Embedding - embed in rigid media (wax plastic or gel)
Sectioning - Deli cut a slice off

Mounting- adhere to the glass slide

Staining - give contrast to some elements

Question 12

How Large is a RBC

Answer 12

7.5microns

so you can use this as a ruler for other things around the body

Question 13

Plane of Section (3 types)

Answer 13

The way you slice the sample.
Oblique - anything cut off of the vertical
Coronal/longitudinal/sagittal - is a vertical cut
Transverse - is a horizontal cross section

Question 14

The Three Types of Stains

Answer 14

Acid base
Specialized Stains
Metallic Stains - for structural elements

Question 15

Hematoxylin

Answer 15

Stains Acidic Parts Dark Purple
So it is a basic stain
DNA Acidic

Question 16

Eosin

Answer 16

Is a acidic stain that will stain basic things. stains things pink or orange
ex// cytoplasm, histones, RBC (hemoglobin)

Question 17

Basophilic

Answer 17

Refers to cell or tissue components that have affinity for basic stains

Question 18

Acidophilic or Eosinophilic

Answer 18

Refers to cell or tissue components that have affinity for acidic stain

Question 19

Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain (HandE)

Answer 19

Used to stain Acid and basic components. Good to look at morphology

Question 20

PAS - Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain

Answer 20

Used to demonstrate structure rich in carbohydrates
Carbohydrate = pink or magenta
ex// microvilli

Question 21

Trichrome Stain

Answer 21

Specialized Stain to Asses extracellular matrix
differentiates fibrous components
collagen, mucin = blue

Question 22

Elastic Stain

Answer 22

Looks at the connective tissue element elastin

Elastic Fibers appear black or brown

Question 23

Silver Stain

Answer 23

Used to demonstrate structural fibers

Reticular Fibers Stain Black

Question 24

Myelin Stain

Answer 24

Stains the fatty sheath over the nerve axons

Question 25

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 25

Takes advantage of antibodies association to antigen.

So we are labeling a specific portion of the cell