Lecture 2 - Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective Tissue Function

Answer 1

Provide Structural Support
Medium for nutrient exchange
Aid in Defense and protection of body
Form site for storage of fat

Question 2

Connective tissue is made up of…

Answer 2

extracellular matrix and cells

Question 3

extracellular matrix function

Answer 3

resists both compressive and tensile forces

Question 4

extracellular matrix is made up of…

Answer 4

Ground substance

Fibers

Question 5

ground substance is made up of…

Answer 5

Glycosaminoglycans
proteoglycans
adhesive glycoproteins

Question 6

3 Types of Fibers in the ECM

Answer 6

Collagen, Elastic Fibers, and Reticular

Question 7

Glycosaminoglyans (GAG)

Answer 7

long, inflexible, unbranched polysaccharides whose function is to attract water, resist compression and slow the movement of cells (ex. hyaluronic acid)

Question 8

Proteoglycans

Answer 8

proteins + GAGs whose function is to attract water, resist compression and slow the movement of cells (ex. aggrecan)

Question 9

Adhesive glycoproteins

Answer 9

large macromolecules with cell surface proteins called integrins whose function is to fasten tissue components together (ex. fibronectin

Question 10

Most prevalent protein in the body

Answer 10

collagen

Question 11

Type I collagen

Answer 11

Function: resists tension and pull
Location: dermis of skin, bone, capsules of organs, fibrocartilage, dentin, cementum, and tendons

Question 12

Type II collagen

Answer 12

function: resistance to pressure
location: hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 13

Type III collagen

Answer 13

Also known as reticular cartilage
Function: structural support
Location: reticular fibers of the spleen, liver, lungs, and skin

Question 14

Type IV collagen

Answer 14

Function: support and filtration
Location: basal lamina

Question 15

Type V collagen

Answer 15

Function: associated with type I collagen
Location: fetal tissues, placenta, dermis, bone, and most interstitial tissues

Question 16

Type VII collagen

Answer 16

Function: anchors the epidermal basal layer to the underlying dermis
Location: skin

Question 17

Types of Collagen forming the basement membrane

Answer 17

Type IV and VII

Question 18

Where is the Connective Tissue Derived From

Answer 18

Mesenchyme

Question 19

Fibrilar Collagens

Answer 19

Type I, II, III, form large fibrils

Question 20

Sheet-forming Collagens

Answer 20

Type IV, major tructural proteins of external laminae and the basal lamina

Question 21

Linking Anchoring Collagens

Answer 21

Short Collagens that link fibrillar collagens together Type VII is one. they are an anchor

Question 22

Property of Elastin Aggregates

Answer 22

They are cross-linked together and are able to be stretched or distended and then return to original shape

Question 23

Elastic Fibers Compared to Collagen Fibers (size density)

Answer 23

They are thinner than type I collagen and are more sparse in networks (thinner on picture)

Question 24

Reticular Fibers (composition, size, function)

Answer 24

Composed of Type III collagen
Have narrow diameters, are shorter and more branched than elastin
Provide supporting framework (scaffolding) for cellular constituents of tissues and organs

Question 25

Types of Cells in Connective Tissue

Answer 25

Fixed Cells - Only located in the Connective tissue | Transient Cells - cells of immune system that come in and out

Question 26

What are the Three Fixed Cells

Answer 26

Fibroblast Adipose Cells Pericytes

Question 27

Fibroblast Function

Answer 27

``` Produce ECM (most abundant Cell Type) Originates in Mesenchyme ```

Question 28

Types of Fibroblast

Answer 28

Active Fibroblast Inactive Fibroblast AKA quiescent Myofibroblasts

Question 29

Myofibroblasts (Function, When seen, Dental Correlation)

Answer 29

Specialized Fibroblast that contracts in wound to heal it has some contractibility and is seen in wound healing found in periodontal ligament and nicotine inhibits it

Question 30

Active Fibroblasts

Answer 30

Type of Fibroblast cell in the Connective Tissue close to collagen, produce ECM has a football shape

Question 31

Inactive Fibroblast AKA quiescent fibroblast

Answer 31

Type of Fibroblast cell in the Connective Tissue differentiates in to active, smallrer then active, can become adipose, cartilage, or osteoblasts under extreme situations

Question 32

Adipocytes Function and where seen

Answer 32

Synthesize and store and release fat, either unilocular or multilocular may also form adipose tissue seen around blood vessels

Question 33

Types of Adipocytes (and structure)

Answer 33

White Fat - unilocular single drop large fat cells, most common for energy Brown Fat - multilocular, several small drops stains darker, dense blood supply lots of mitochondria, thermogenic, and found post natal

Question 34

Pericytes (Where they are seen)

Answer 34

Associated with Blood Vessels, have long processes that wrap around the vessels and act as smooth muscle

Question 35

Five Categories in Classification of Connective Tissue

Answer 35

``` Mesenchyme Connective Tissue Proper Reticular Tissue Adipose tissue Specialized Connective Tissue ```

Question 36

Mesenchyme (What if forms in to, and consists of)

Answer 36

Loosely packed unspecialized cells, in ECM | Precursor for blood and blood vessels, and connective, supportive and muscle tissue

Question 37

What are the types of Connective tissue proper

Answer 37

Loose and Dense

Question 38

Loose Connective Tissue ( composition and location)

Answer 38

lots of ground substance, very flexible | fills in places that are just under the skin

Question 39

Dense Connective Tissue types

Answer 39

Dense Irregular and Dense Regular

Question 40

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (composition and location)

Answer 40

tightly packed not organized cant make out arrangement, | and found in dermis of skin and lymph nodes

Question 41

Dense Regular CT Types (two of them, location, and composition)

Answer 41

Collagenous - seen in tendons, organizes in parallel to resist tensile Elastic -some organization, found in large blood vessels, organized fibers of elastic

Question 42

Reticular Fiber

Answer 42

A connective Tissue Type | found with Collagen III that creates archetectural framework

Question 43

Adipose Tissue

Answer 43

A category of Connective tissue | abundant in adipocytes

Question 44

The Specialized Connective Tissues

Answer 44

Cartilage, Bone, Blood

Question 45

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

Answer 45

Connective Tissue Disorder Resulting in defects in fibrillar collagen. (seen as really stretchy skin) defects in collagen I as result

Question 46

Marfan Syndrome

Answer 46

Mutation in Fibrillin I gene Cannot maintain elastic fibers have long bones and weird connective tissue