Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Module I > Lecture 5 - Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cartilage

A

A Specialized Connetive Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Three Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hyaline Cartilage (ECM, Chond. Arrangement, Perichondrium, Location, Function )

A

ECM - Collagen II
Chondrocytes are arranged in little groupings isogenous
There is a perichondrium except the articular Cartilage
Seen at location of two bones meeting.
Used for Sliding
Seen in nose, trachea, bronchi, end of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

A subset of Hyaline cartilage that is seen between two bones

does not have perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibrocartilage (ECM, Chond. Arrangement, Perichondrium, Location, Function )

A 
Type II with Type I collagen
Chondrocyte in parallel rows 
no perichondrium
Seen in between vertebrate and the meniscus 
Specialized to absorb force, cushioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elastic Cartilage (ECM, Chond. Arrangement, Perichondrium, Location, Function )

A

ECM - Type II collagen with Elastic Fibers
Chondrocytes are in little pockets of isogenous groups
Perichondrium - there is one
Locations - epiglottis, Larynx, and ear
Function - is shape and elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Properties of Cartilage

A

Avascular - Relies on diffusion for nutrients

Lacks Sensation - No nerve system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of Cartilage

A

Support - Bear weight at points of movement
Movement - Provide smooth surface
Framework - Seenin growth of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Composition of Cartilage

A

Remember it is a Connective Tissue so Cells and ECM
Cells - Chondrocytes
ECM - Type II collagen (fiber), Proteoglycans, glycoproteins ( Ground Substance)
Lots of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Perichondrium

A

DENSE Layer of connective tissue on outer surface (surrounding the cartilage)
Seen in all cartilage except articular and fibrocartilage
contains two layers inner cellular layer, and outer fibrous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The two layers of the perichondrium

A

Inner Cellular Layer - Gives rise to new cartilage

Outer Fibrous Layer - Connective Tissue layer. Note the blood vessels are in this layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cell of Cartilage Formed by Chondroblasts
that produce Chondrocytes
Chondrocytes make the ECM (collagen II, proteogylcans, glycoproteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two Types of Cartilage Growth

A

Appositional Growth

Interstitial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Appositional Growth of Cartilage

A

New Cartilage forms at surface of existing cartilage

Derived from inner portion of the perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interstitial Growth of Cartilage

A

New Cells Form by mitosis of existing cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an isogenous group os Cartilage

A

It is a cluster of chondrocytes that recently divided

This is seen Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Type II collagen production inhibited
Related to age and traumo
No symptoms until the bones wear down and grind another
Articular Cartilage Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Herniation

A

A protruding into space that it should not be
Seen in the intervertibrate discs
There is a problem in fibrocartilage that weakens it and so it comes out the edges of the spinal cord. Hitting nerves for pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of Bone

A

Vascularized highly Innervated

Mineralized (so hard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of Bones

A

Protects and Supports (skull)
Movement
Reservoir of Ca and P
Form Blood Cells

21
Q

Connective Tissue of Bone is split in to two what are they

A

Outer Surface - Periosteum

Inner Surface - Endosteum

22
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer Surface of the bone
Two Layer Sheath
Outer fibrous layer of dense CT
Inner Cellular layer

23
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner Surfaces of bone
One layer around inner cavity (the bone cavity)
Contains the bone stem cells

24
Q

Macroscopic Classification of Bone

A

Compact/Cortical Bone

Spongy/Cancellous Bone

25
Compact / Cortical Bone
Dense Layer surrounding outer bone Organized osteon system Dense in areas of stress
26
Spongy / Cancellous Bone
Forms network of Trebeculae in interior (thin bands of bone) Well Vascularized and innervated Not random organized along force and stress It looks random though
27
Microscopic Classification of Bone
``` Primary Bone (Immature Bone) Secondary Bone (Mature, or lamellar) ```
28
Primary Bone/Immature Bone
New Bone laid down is disorganized and low mineral
29
Lamellar Bone
Aka Secondary bone, Mature Bone ORganized structure that replaces primary bone composed of concentric lamellae is Calcified
30
Osteons
Structural Units of Mature Bone. A grouping of rings of lamellae
31
Lamellae
Osteons are formed by bone matrix that form concentrically around a central cavity Each ring is a lamellae
32
Haversian Canal
Center of Lamellae | Contains the neurovascular Stuff
33
Interistual Lamellae
Places where osteons are degraded | Remnants of previous osteon lamellae
34
Outer/Inner Circumferential Lamellae
They Go around the whole shaft of the long bone Outer Circumferential - Right below the periosteum Inner Circumferential - Right below the endosteum
35
Volkmanns Canals
Connects Osteons Blodo Vessels and nerves can connect and coordinate Run 90 Degrees to the long axis (haversian canals)
36
Bone Extra Cellular Matrix Composition
Inorganic Components (calcium Phosphate is most of it) 65% Fiber is Collagen type I Cells are super small percent The ground substance is glycoproteins and proteoglycans
37
Cells of Bone (5)
``` Osteoporgenitor Cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Bone Lining Cells Osteoclasts ```
38
Osteoprogenitor Cells (function, location, structure)
``` Derived from mesenchymal Stem Cell Develop to Osteoblasts upon stimulus Seen in layers forming new bone location - inner periosteium layer of growing bone, and endosteum layer lining the bone cavity structure - Squamus ```
39
Osteoblasts (function, location, structure)
Function - differentiated from osteoprogenitor - secretes type I collagen and ECM proteins forming unminerilized bone capable of division Structure - cuboidal in single line on the surface of the bone Location - where bone is being laid down Osteoblasts communicate with each other through gap junctions As osteoblasts secrete the new bone stuff they slowly get surrounded by matrix and get trapped
40
Osteocytes (function, location, structure)
Location - Is an osteoblast that has been surrounded by bone Function - Maintain the matrix of the bone, Starts produce copious amounts of matrix, can respond to stimuli to help osteblasts Structure - has long arm processes to contact osteocytes and blasts through gap junctions - they have flattened nucleus and form shape of lacunae they lie in
41
Lacunae
Osteocyte spot within the lamellae circles
42
Canaliculi
Small canals to connect the osteocyte cells to other osteocytes and blasts
43
Bone Lining Cells (function, location, structure)
Derived from Osteoblasts that are not producing bone Function - support cells for osteocytes. Regulate Calcium in and out Location - external and internal surface of bone Structure - Flat inactive squamous Dormant, but maybe able to become activated
44
Osteoclasts (function, location, structure)
Derived from the monocyte line of RBC formation Must be activated Function - Bone Resorption Structure -large and multinucleated Location - On the surface of the bone (inner) found in Howships Lacunae (subosteoclastic compartment)
45
Howships Lacunae
Little compartments of bone resoprtion | Location of the osteoclasts
46
Two Types of Bone Formation
Intramembrous Ossification | Endochondrial Ossification
47
Intramembrous Ossification
Direct Differentiation from stem cell to bone | Forms the Clavical mandable type bones
48
Endochondrial Ossification
Uses a cartilage model template for bone formation | Forms the long bones

Anatomy Module I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions