Lecture 10 Flashcards
(30 cards)
According to Gibson’s theory, what does visual information primarily control?
a) Memory formation.
b) Actions directly.
c) Emotional responses.
d) Auditory perception.
B
What does Gibson’s theory suggest about the visual properties of objects?
a) They are irrelevant to action.
b) They ‘afford’ actions like pulling, lifting, or twisting.
c) They only provide information about color.
d) They primarily contribute to recognition memory.
B
What is the function of the visual pathway that goes from the occipital lobe down to the temporal lobe?
a) To control actions.
b) To generate motor commands.
c) To process auditory information.
d) To assist recognition memory.
D
What is the function of the visual pathway that goes dorsally from the occipital to the parietal lobe?
a) To recognize faces and colors.
b) To assist recognition memory.
c) To control actions through what we see.
d) To process emotional expressions.
C
The two visual pathways are referred to as “what” and “where”. Which pathway is the “what” pathway?
a) The pathway to the parietal lobe.
b) The pathway to the temporal lobe.
c) The pathway to the frontal lobe.
d) The pathway to the cerebellum.
B
Damage to the ventral pathway can produce what type of deficit?
a) Agnosia, where patients cannot recognize objects, orientation, or size.
b) Inability to guide actions.
c) Motion blindness.
d) Prosopagnosia only.
A
Patients with damage in the ventral stream, preventing information flow from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe, can still do what?
a) Match a handle to a target orientation.
b) Guide their actions visually.
c) Recognize objects perfectly.
d) Process color information.
B
If the ventral pathway (from V1 to the temporal lobe) is damaged, what is the result?
a) An inability to guide actions.
b) Enhanced visual acuity.
c) Intact object recognition.
d) Agnosia, a lack of recognition of objects in orientation and size.
D
Damage to the dorsal stream (between the first visual area and the parietal lobe motor cortex) results in what?
a) Inability to recognize objects.
b) Inability to guide actions.
c) Intact visual guidance of actions.
d) Improved recognition memory.
B
What is an important component of social perception?
a) Understanding the actions, sensations, and emotions of others.
b) Remembering phone numbers.
c) Solving complex mathematical problems.
d) Identifying specific objects.
A
When we see or hear others’ actions, what happens in our premotor action plans?
a) They are inhibited.
b) They focus on sensory input only.
c) They remain inactive.
d) They are activated ‘as if’ we are doing the actions.
D
Witnessing touch activates which brain region ‘as if’ we are being touched?
a) Primary visual cortex.
b) Hippocampus.
c) Amygdala.
d) Secondary somatosensory cortex.
D
Witnessing others’ disgust activates which brain region ‘as if’ we experience disgust?
a) Amygdala.
b) Hippocampus.
c) Insular cortex.
d) Cerebellum.
C
What happens in the brain when we witness others in pain?
a) Different brain regions are activated compared to experiencing pain ourselves.
b) Similar brain regions to experiencing pain ourselves are activated.
c) Only emotional centers are activated.
d) No brain activity related to pain.
B
What does TMS (trans-cranial magnetic stimulation) of the motor cortex produce?
a) Sensory experiences.
b) Electrical potentials in muscles.
c) Auditory hallucinations.
d) Visual illusions.
B
How does seeing actions using the same muscles affect the threshold for TMS-produced muscle potentials?
a) It increases the threshold.
b) It has no effect.
c) It reduces the threshold.
d) It produces random potentials.
C
What does a reduced threshold for TMS-produced muscle potentials imply about the motor cortex?
a) It is already more active or “primed”.
b) It is less active.
c) It is completely inactive.
d) It is fatigued.
A
What effect does hearing speech and seeing lip movements have on tongue and vocal muscle excitability?
a) It decreases it.
b) It has no effect.
c) It increases it.
d) It inhibits it.
C
What is the first relay station in the brain for tactile experience (touch)?
a) Secondary somatosensory cortex.
b) Primary somatosensory cortex.
c) Occipital lobe.
d) Parietal lobe.
B
If you touch the left leg, which side of the brain is activated in the primary somatosensory cortex?
a) The left side.
b) The right side.
c) Both sides equally.
d) No specific side.
B
In the secondary somatosensory cortex, how does touch on one leg produce activity?
a) Only in the ipsilateral hemisphere.
b) Only in the contralateral hemisphere.
c) In both hemispheres.
d) No activity is produced.
C
What activates the secondary somatosensory cortex in terms of touch?
a) Feeling touch only.
b) Seeing touch only.
c) Both seeing touch and feeling touch.
d) Neither seeing nor feeling touch.
C
The idea that ‘when someone else is touched it’s as if you are feeling it’ relates to what concept?
a) Motor planning.
b) Sensory deprivation.
c) Simulation theory in social perception.
d) Object recognition
C
When information passes from the occipital lobe dorsally, what does it go towards?
a) Temporal lobe.
b) Parietal lobe.
c) Frontal lobe.
d) Cerebellum.
B
