Lecture 7 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the conditions for apparent motion perception when lights are flashing?
a) Wide separation and short-time interval.
b) Close separation and long-time interval.
c) Close separation and short-time interval.
d) Wide separation and long-time interval
C
What happens when there is wide separation or a long-time interval between flashing lights?
a) Motion is perceived.
b) No motion is perceived.
c) Motion is ambiguous.
d) The lights appear brighter.
B
In a simple detector circuit, what type of input do receptors (cones or rods) feed to bipolar cells?
a) Inhibitory input.
b) Excitatory input.
c) Modulatory input.
d) No input.
B
What role do horizontal cells play in the retina regarding movement detection?
a) They mediate excitation between adjacent detectors.
b) They mediate inhibition between adjacent detectors.
c) They enhance color perception.
d) They detect static images.
B
How can a simple movement detector be constructed in the retina?
a) By having excitation flowing in one direction.
b) By enhancing all inputs.
c) By having no inhibition.
d) By having inhibition flowing in one direction.
D
If a ganglion cell is a movement detector, and inhibition flows from left to right, which direction of movement will excite the bipolar cell and ganglion cell?
a) Left to right.
b) Right to left.
c) Upwards.
d) Downwards.
B
What is the mechanism for detecting motion direction in the visual cortex and retina?
a) Local excitation in one direction.
b) Local inhibition in one direction.
c) Global excitation.
d) Global inhibition.
B
What is “phi motion” an example of?
a) Apparent motion.
b) Real motion.
c) Biological motion.
d) Random motion.
A
What does the brain do in cartoon animation to create continuous movement from separate frames?
a) It ignores the jerky movements.
b) It focuses on individual frames.
c) It speeds up the frames.
d) It interpolates smooth change in shape.
D
What happens to postural stability when eyes are closed?
a) It becomes more stable.
b) It becomes less stable.
c) It remains unchanged.
d) It depends on the individual’s balance
B
In Lee’s swinging room experiment, what causes inappropriate postural compensation?
a) Auditory cues.
b) Proprioceptive errors.
c) Visual motion attributed to body motion.
d) Vestibular disfunction.
C
According to Gibson, what is “optic flow”?
a) The perception of color.
b) The movement of light through the eye.
c) The flow of information around us as we move through the world.
d) The change in object size.
C
What does the “focus of optical expansion” tell you?
a) The speed of movement.
b) The size of an object.
c) The distance to an object.
d) Where your aiming (heading direction).
D
What predicts when to react to a collision (e.g., catching a ball or braking)?
a) The size of the object.
b) The rate of expansion.
c) The color of the object.
d) The texture of the object.
B
What is “kinetic depth” or “shape from changing silhouette” an example of?
a) Apparent motion.
b) Biological motion.
c) Rigid motion.
d) Random motion.
C
What is ambiguous when detecting form from rigid motion?
a) The shape of the object.
b) The direction of rotation.
c) The size of the object.
d) The object’s color.
B
What did Johansson use to study biological motion?
a) Lights on joints of a moving body.
b) Static images of bodies.
c) Computer-generated figures.
d) Realistic videos of people.
A
In Michotte’s perception of causality collisions, what reduces the impression of causality?
a) The second object moving off after the collision.
b) The second object moving off before the collision or after a long delay.
c) The first object stopping.
d) The second object moving off immediately after the collision.
B
What do subjects attribute to arbitrary shapes with trajectories appropriate for meaningful actions in cartoon movies (Heider and Simmel)?
a) Random movements.
b) Actions and intentions.
c) Only physical properties.
d) Abstract concepts.
B
How do individuals with autism differ in attributing mental states to moving shapes?
a) They show increased mental state attributions.
b) They attribute mental states more accurately.
c) They attribute different mental states.
d) They show less mental state attributions.
D
What is the first step in the habituation paradigm to study infant observer interest?
a) Change the film.
b) Measure renewed interest.
c) Repeat film until infant observer is bored.
d) Present a novel stimulus.
C
What does “violation of expectations” in infants typically lead to?
a) Decreased attention.
b) Surprise and long looks.
c) No change in behavior.
d) Crying
B
What does increased attention in a 1-year-old indicate if an agent’s action is inconsistent with an earlier goal (e.g., not taking the shortest path to a small ball)?
a) They are confused.
b) They are sensitive to the likely outcome of an action.
c) They are bored.
d) They are not paying attention.
B
Which visual area in the brain is sensitive to movement?
a) V1.
b) V2.
c) V5 (MT).
d) V3.
C
