Lecture 9 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What did Francis Galton (1900) observe about composite (average) faces?
a) The more images blended, the less handsome the person became.
b) Blending a group of faces showed inconsistent traits.
c) Blending a group of faces showed consistent traits and looked more handsome.
d) Composite faces were always less attractive than the originals.
C
According to Langlois and Roggman, what is a key factor in attractiveness?
a) Uniqueness.
b) Averageness.
c) Distinctiveness.
d) Asymmetry
B
Why might averageness contribute to attractiveness from an evolutionary perspective?
a) It signals rare genetic traits.
b) It helps avoid extreme non-average (mutant) genotypes.
c) It indicates a specialized immune system.
d) It leads to greater genetic diversity.
B
What is a psychological explanation for why we like averageness?
a) Mere exposure (we like what we’ve seen often).
b) Novelty.
c) Social status.
d) High intelligence.
A
Do attractive faces differ systematically from average faces?
a) No, they are identical to average faces.
b) Only in terms of symmetry.
c) Only in terms of skin texture.
d) Yes, according to Perret et al. and DeBruine et al.
D
In evolutionary theory, which sex typically has a larger investment in offspring?
a) Males.
b) Females.
c) Both sexes equally.
d) It depends on the species.
B
Which of these is considered a significant female investment in offspring?
a) Producing sperm.
b) Competitive displays.
c) Short-term pairing.
d) Gestation.
D
What is “fluctuating asymmetry”?
a) When the left and right sides of the body are completely different.
b) Small, random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally paired traits.
c) A measure of genetic diversity.
d) The ability to change appearance quickly.
B
What does low fluctuating asymmetry often signal?
a) Good genes and health.
b) Poor health.
c) High intelligence.
d) Aggressive behavior.
A
Is symmetry generally preferred in faces?
a) No, asymmetry is preferred.
b) Yes, faces with perfect symmetry are often preferred.
c) It makes no difference to attractiveness.
d) Only in certain cultures.
B
What is sexual dimorphism in terms of attractiveness?
a) The degree of similarity between sexes.
b) Differences in height between sexes.
c) Masculinity in men and femininity in women.
d) Differences in vocal pitch between sexes.
C
What typically happens to masculinity and femininity at puberty?
a) Both decrease.
b) Both increase.
c) Masculinity decreases, femininity increases.
d) They remain unchanged.
B
What is often associated with high testosterone in men?
a) Suppressed immune function.
b) Increased fertility.
c) Feminine features.
d) Lower attractiveness.
A
What is the “Immune Competence Handicap Hypothesis”?
a) Only individuals with weak immune systems can develop masculine traits.
b) Masculinity is unrelated to immune competence.
c)Individuals with strong immune systems can afford the handicap of high testosterone.
d) Immune competence is only relevant for females.
C
What do high testosterone levels in men often signal to females?
a) Weakness and poor health.
b) Strength and good genes.
c) Aggression and unreliability.
d) Low fertility.
B
What is often associated with high estrogen in women?
a) Lower health and fertility.
b) A less attractive voice.
c) Masculine features.
d) Health and fertility.
D
According to Perret, what type of female features are attractive to men?
a) Masculinized female features.
b) Features that are extremely unusual.
c) Androgynous features.
d) Feminized female features.
D
In several primate species, which sex competes for male attention?
a) Females.
b) Males.
c) Both sexes equally.
d) Neither sex.
A
What is “imprinting”?
a) The process of learning language in infancy.
b) Early exposure to parent traits affecting later mate preferences in birds and mammals.
c) The development of motor skills.
d) The formation of strong social bonds unrelated to reproduction.
B
What did Lorenz’s work on birds demonstrate about imprinting?
a) Birds always prefer their biological parents.
b) Imprinting only occurs in mammals.
c) Imprinting is not a real phenomenon.
d) Early exposure to a caregiver (even if not biological) affects mate preference.
D
What was observed when male lambs were fostered by female goats?
a) They preferred sheep as sexual partners.
b) They preferred goats to sheep as sexual partners.
c) They showed no mate preference.
d) They became aggressive towards both sheep and goats.
B
What type of relationship is more attractive women more likely to seek with masculine and symmetrical men?
a) Greater commitment in long-term relationships.
b) Short-term flings.
c) Platonic friendships.
d) Casual acquaintances.
A
How does own status (self-perceived attractiveness) influence mate choice?
a) Attractive women prefer less masculine men.
b) Less attractive women prefer higher levels of masculinity.
c) Attractive women prefer more masculine men.
d) Own status has no influence.
C
In the context of long-term relationships, what did less attractive women prefer regarding masculinity and symmetry?
a) Lower levels of masculinity and focused less on symmetry.
b) Higher levels of masculinity and symmetry.
c) Extreme masculinity.
d) Complete asymmetry.
A
