Lecture 10

Question 1

RBC surfaces are marked by

Answer 1

glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 2

Based on 2 glycolipid isoantigens called

Answer 2

A and B found on the surface of RBCs

Question 3

Plasma contains

Answer 3

isoantibodies or agglutinins to the A or B antigens not found in your blood

Question 4

Antigen was discovered in blood of

Answer 4

Rhesus monkey

Question 5

People with Rh agglutinogens on RBC surface are

Answer 5

Rh+.

Question 6

Antibodies develop only in

Answer 6

Rh- blood type & only with exposure to the antigen

Question 7

Transfusion reaction upon 2nd exposure to the antigen results in

Answer 7

hemolysis of the RBCs in the donated blood

Question 8

People with type AB blood called

Answer 8

universal recipients

Question 9

People with type O blood cell called

Answer 9

universal donors

Question 10

Hemostasis:

Answer 10

Stoppage of bleeding in a quick & localized fashion when blood vessels are damaged

Question 11

Hemostasis prevents …

Answer 11

hemorrhage

Question 12

Methods utilized for hemostasis:

Answer 12

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

Question 13

Platelets store a lot of chemicals in

Answer 13

granules needed for platelet plug formation

Question 14

Platelet Plug Formation -Steps in the process

Answer 14

(1) platelet adhesion

(2) platelet release reaction (3) platelet aggregation

Question 15

Platelet Adhesion:

Answer 15

Platelets stick to exposed collagen underlying damaged endothelial cells

Question 16

Platelet Release Reaction:

Answer 16

1. Platelets activated by adhesion
2. Extend projections to make contact with each other
3. Release thromboxane & activate other platelets
4. Thromboxane is also a vasoconstrictor decreasing blood flow

Question 17

Platelet Aggregation- Platelet plug:

Answer 17

Activated platelets stick together and activate new platelets to form a mass

Question 18

Plug reinforced by

Answer 18

fibrin threads formed during clotting process

Question 19

Three Pathways of Clotting:

Answer 19

1. Extrinsic Pathway
2. Intrinsic Pathway
3. Final Common Pathway

Question 20

Extrinsic Pathway: damaged tissue leak

Answer 20

tissue factor into bloodstream

Question 21

Extrinsic Pathway: Prothrombinase forms in

Answer 21

seconds

Question 22

Extrinsic Pathway: in the presence of Ca+2 clotting factor X combines with

Answer 22

V to form prothrombinase

Question 23

Intrinsic Pathway: Activation occurs when…

Answer 23

endothemlium is damaged

platelets are damaged –> release phosolipids

Question 24

Intrinsic Pathway: Requires…

Answer 24

several minutes for reaction to occur

Question 25

Intrinsic Pathway: Substances involved

Answer 25

Ca+2 and clotting factors XII, X and V

Question 26

Final Common Pathway involves:

Answer 26

Prothrombinase and Ca+2 | Thrombin

Question 27

Final pathway: Prothrombinase and Ca+2

Answer 27

prothrombin to thrombin

Question 28

Final pathway: Thrombin

Answer 28

presence of Ca+2 --> converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin threads

Question 29

Role of Vitamin K in Clotting:

Answer 29

1. Normal clotting requires adequate vitamin K 2. 4 clotting factors by hepatocytes (II, VII, IX, X) 3. Produced by bacteria in large intestine

Question 30

Intravascular Clotting:

Answer 30

Thrombosis | Embolus

Question 31

Thrombosis:

Answer 31

clot (thrombus) forming in an unbroken blood vessel

Question 32

Embolus:

Answer 32

clot, air bubble or fat from broken bone in the blood

Question 33

Hemophilia:

Answer 33

Inherited deficiency of clotting factors

Question 34

3 Hemophilias:

Answer 34

A, B, C

Question 35

Hemophilia A:

Answer 35

lacks factor VIII (males only) | -most common

Question 36

Hemophilia B:

Answer 36

lacks factor IX (males only)

Question 37

Hemophilia C

Answer 37

(males & females) | -less severe because alternate clotting activator exists

Question 38

Treatment of Hemophilia:

Answer 38

Treatment is transfusions of fresh plasma or concentrates of the missing clotting factor