Lecture 10

Question 1

between subjects designs

Answer 1

participants are separated into different levels of the independent variable
-each participant is only exposed to ONE level

Question 2

forms of between subjects deigns

Answer 2

1. two groups
   - treatment and no treatment
   - two different levels
   - two different categories
2. multiple groups
   - multiple levels of IV
   - multiple categories

Question 3

two groups in a between subjects design

Answer 3

two groups: maximize the difference between conditions
not as much info
ex) happy——–sad

Question 4

multiple groups in a between subjects designs

Answer 4

• greater understanding of relationship between variables
• more difficult to find an effect
  ex) happy——-meh———sad

Question 5

determining significance for two groups in a between subjects designs

Answer 5

• independent sample t-test
• significance means group 1 and group 2 differ
  ex) warm vs cold

Question 6

determining significance for multiple groups in a between subjects designs

Answer 6

• ANOVAS (f test)
• significance means there is a difference between groups
  ex) happy, sad, neutral moods

Question 7

determining significance for nominal or ordinal data

Answer 7

chi-square

Question 8

advantages of using a between subjects designs

Answer 8

• some research designs need it
• necessary/easier for some IVS
• some variables can only be measured once
• removes the possibility of contrast effects from one condition to another
• diminishes the likeihood of fatigue effects from one condition to another

Question 9

disadvantages of using a between subjects designs

Answer 9

• confounding variables from participants are more likely
• more participants are required
• variability between groups is larger than within group
• SMI (MRS SMITH)
• control group issues

Question 10

control group issues

Answer 10

1. diffusion: exchange if info between groups
2. compensatory equalization: control group demands they receive treatment
3. compensatory rivalry: control group tries to out-perform treatment group
4. demoralization: control group gives up

Question 11

threats to internal validity for between subjects designs

Answer 11

from MRS SMITH: S, S, M:

• selection of subjects
• selection x maturation
• mortality

Question 12

controlling for confounding variables

Answer 12

1. random assignment
2. matching
3. holding constant
4. control for experimental conditions-ex) time of day