Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopharmacology > Lecture 10: Caffeine and Nicotine > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Caffeine and Nicotine Flashcards

1
Q

Average caffeine content of coffee

A

100mg (50-150)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potential energy drink caffeine content

A

320mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how soon are significant blood levels of caffeine reached?

A

30-45 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

complete absorption time for caffeine

A

90 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

time of peak plasma level of caffeine

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

half life of caffeine

A

6 hours (2.5-19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of kinetics does caffeine have?

A

1st order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what enzyme metabolizes caffeine? where?

A

CYP-1A2, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

caffeine ___ the ___ enzyjme, which is also responsible for metabolizing ___

A

induces, CYP-1A2, clozapine & olanzapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

genetic basis for slow vs. fast caffeine metabolizers?

A

isoenzyme differences in CYP-1A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ also induces CYP-1A2 enzyme

A

tobacco smoke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___ are potent CYP-1A2 inhibitors

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

caffeinism

A

severe anxiety reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 things caffeine can help treat

A

asthma
narcolepsy
migraines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 behavioral effects of low doses of caffeine

A
  1. mental alertness
  2. wakefulness
  3. reduced fatigue
  4. delicate muscular coordination hurt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 harmful effects of heavy caffeine consumption

A
  1. agitation
  2. anxiety
  3. tremors
  4. rapid breathing
  5. insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lethal dose of caffeine

A

10 g (100 cups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

french press coffee increases___

A

blood cholesterol levels and increased risk of coronary artery diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 peripheral effects of caffeine

A
  1. increases cardiac contractility and cardiac output

2. dilates coronary arteries, providing more oxygen to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 pharmacological effects of caffeine

A
  1. constricts cerebral blood vessels (30% less blood flow to brain)
  2. anti asthmatic
  3. increased gastric acid secretion
  4. increased urine
  5. lowers risk of type ii diabetes (possibly weight loss)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

caffeine is a ___. how does it work?

A

adenosine receptor antagonist

blocks adenosine effect (adenosine levels rise throughout day promoting sleep). adenosine stimulates GABA neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

caffeine indirectly stimulates ___. where?

A

dopaminergic activity

PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pregnant women who drank 8+ cups a day had increased risk of ___

A

stillbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reasonable doses of caffeine in pregnant women can cause ___

A

modest fetal growth restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

8 withdrawal effects of caffine

A
  1. headache
  2. tiredness
  3. lack of concentration
  4. anxiety
  5. irritability
  6. increased muscle tension
  7. depression
  8. nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when does caffeine withdrawal start? peak?

A

12-24 hours; 20-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

psychiatrically ill nicotine dependent people consume ___ of all cigarettes smoked

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nonsmokers live ___ longer than heavy smokers

A

10 years

29
Q

___ of all people who have ever smoked have quit

A

1 million

30
Q

where is nicotine absorbed?

A
  1. lungs
  2. mucosa
  3. skin
  4. GI tract
31
Q

how is nicotine from cigarettes distributed?

A

suspended in tars; rapidly absorbed into and satures bloodstream; blood to brain saturated with nicotine, accounting for rush

32
Q

nicotine is metabolized by ___

A

CYP-2A6

33
Q

companies have increased smoke nicotine yield by ___ over the past 7 years

A

11%

34
Q

primary metabolite of nicotine

A

continine

35
Q

what causes fluid retention in nicotine?

A

stimulation of hypothalamus, releasing antidiuretic hormone

36
Q

what leads to muscle relaxation in nicotine?

A

reduces activity of afferent nerve fibers coming from muscles

37
Q

how does nicotine lead to weight loss?

A

reduction in appetite; altered taste bud sensitivity

38
Q

exposure to cues related to cig smoking increase activation in (3)

A

PFC, OFC, anterior insula

39
Q

damage to what area leads to ability to easily quit smoking?

A

insula

40
Q

nicotine’s reinforcing action

A

activation of midbrain DA neurons

41
Q

what is the effect of nicotine on atherosclerotic coronary arteries?

A

cannot dilate; leads to angina or heart attack due to cardiac ischemia (lack of oxygen)

42
Q

4 effects of nicotine on body

A
  1. increase heart rate
  2. increase blood pressure
  3. increase cardiac contractility
  4. initiates vasodilation (increases blood flow to meet increased oxygen demand of heart)
43
Q

almost all effects of nicotine achieved by activating ___

A

nicotinic receptors

44
Q

4 nicotinic receptor effects on PNS

A
  1. increased bp
  2. increased hr
  3. epinephrine release from adrenal glands
  4. increased GI tract activity
45
Q

where are nicotinic receptors located in CNS? (3)

A 
presynaptic nerve terminals of
1. DA
2. ACh
3. glutamate
secreting neurons
46
Q

nicotine DA release increases in (2), leading to (4)

A
  1. NA
  2. forebrain
  3. behavioral reinforcement
  4. stimulant
  5. antidepressant
  6. addictive properties
47
Q

nicotine ACh increase contributes to (2)

A
  1. cognitive potentiation

2. memory facilitation

48
Q

nicotine glu increase contributes to ___

A

memory

49
Q

nicotine may delay onset of ___

A

cognitive deficits in alzheimers

50
Q

___ americans die per year as consequence of nicotine addiction

A

400,000

51
Q

9 symptoms of nicotine withdrawal

A
  1. craving
  2. irritability
  3. anxiety
  4. anger
  5. concentration probs
  6. restlessness
  7. impatience
  8. increased appetite/weight gain
  9. insomnia
52
Q

a person who smokes 2 packs a day for 20 years loses…

A

13-14 years of life

53
Q

total economic toll due to nicotine

A

$157 bn

54
Q

carbon monoxide in smoke can __

A

decrease amount of oxygen to heart

55
Q

what can smoking due to coronary arteries?

A

increased incidence of atherosclerosis (narrowing) and thrombosis (clotting)

56
Q

smoking greatly increases risk of ___ in lungs

A

emphysema

chronic obstructure pulmonary disease

57
Q

is nicotine carcinogenic?

A

no, but may promote tumor growth

58
Q

3 effects of smoking during pregnancy

A
  1. small fetus or preterm birth
  2. asthma
  3. reduces oxygen delivery to fetus, causing fetal hypoxia
59
Q

how does varenicline work?

A

partial nicotine receptor agonist

60
Q

nicotine patches ___ rate of long term smoking cessation

A

double

61
Q

nicotine gum increases cessation rate by ___

A

50-70%

62
Q

compliance is highest for ___

A

patch, gum, inhaler/nasal spray

63
Q

wellbutrin and nortripyline ___ chance of quitting

A

double

64
Q

are SSRIs effective for quitting smoking?

A

no

65
Q

what is strattera?

A

NE reuptake inhibitor, reduces cravings

66
Q

is chantix or wellbutrin more effective in quitting?

A

chantix

67
Q

how does chantix work to reduce smoking?

A
  1. reduces withdrawal
  2. low level release of dopamine
  3. blocks nicotine’s access toreceptors
68
Q

side effects of chantix

A
  1. nausea
  2. depression
  3. agitation
  4. suicide
69
Q

how do anti nicotine vaccines work?

A

induce sufficient antibodies to sequester nicotine and keep it from entering brain, but effective only in people who produce high levels of antibodies

Psychopharmacology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions