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Anatomy 1 - Axial > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is the brachial plexus made up of?

A

Anterior rami of 5 nerve roots (C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1)

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2
Q

What do nerve roots successively form?

A
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Nerves
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3
Q

Nerve roots of brachial plexus:

A

C5-C6 = form the upper/superior
C7 = forms middle trunk
C8-T1 = forms lower/inferior trunks

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4
Q

What is the rule for combining nerve roots in the Brachial Plexus?

A

“The top 2 combine.”

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5
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper/superior trunk of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5 and C6.

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6
Q

Which nerve root forms the middle trunk of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C7

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7
Q

Which nerve roots form the lower/inferior trunk of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C8 and T1.

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8
Q

How do the trunks of the Brachial Plexus divide?

A

Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions.

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9
Q

What forms the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A

The combination of two anterior divisions from the upper and middle trunks.

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10
Q

What forms the posterior cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A

The combination of the three posterior divisions.

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11
Q

What forms the medial cord of the Brachial Plexus?

A

The anterior division from the inferior trunk.

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12
Q

How are the medial and lateral cords named?

A

According to their position around the axillary artery.

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13
Q

Nerve branches originating
from Roots

A

1.Dorsal Scapular
2.Phrenic nerve
3. Long thoracic

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14
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve Branch

A

Origin: Root – branches of C5 rami

Innervates: Rhomboid muscles and levator scapulae

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15
Q

Phrenic Nerve Branch

A

Origin: Root- C3-C5 (C4 main contributor)

Innervates:
Motor supply to the diaphragm
Sensation to the central tendon
In the thorax - the mediastinal pleura and pericardium

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16
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve Branch

A

Origin: Root - From anterior rami of C5-C7

Innervates: Serratus anterior muscle

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17
Q

Nerve branches originating from Trunks

A

1.Suprascapular
2.Subclavius

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18
Q

Suprascapular Nerve Branch

A

Origin: Trunk (Upper) – C5-C6

Innervates: Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle

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19
Q

Subclavius Nerve Branch

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A

Origin: Trunk (Upper) – C5-C6

Innervates: Subclavius muscle

20
Q

Nerve Branches from posterior cord

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Subscapular superior
  2. Subscapular inferior
21
Q

Nerve branches from lateral cord

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A
  1. Lateral pectoral
22
Q

Nerve branches from medial cord

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A
  1. Medial Pectoral
  2. Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
  3. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
23
Q

Nerve branches that innervate muscles that move GH joint: Subscapular superior and inferior

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A

Origin: Posterior cord
branches of C5 and C6 rami

Innervates: Subscapularis muscles and Teres major

24
Q

Nerve branches that innervate muscles that move GH joint: Lateral pectoral

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A

Origin: Branches of lateral cords
(C5 – C7)

Innervate: Pectoralis major

25
Nerve branches that innervate muscles that move GH joint: Medial pectoral
Origin: Branches medial cords (C8 – T1) Innervate: Pectoralis minor
26
Nerve branches that innervate muscles that move GH joint: Thoracodorsal nerve
Origin: Posterior cord (C6 – C8) Innervates: Latissimus dorsi
27
Nerve branches from cord: Sensory innervation of the arm and forearm: Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Origin: C8 –T1 Innervates: Sensory skin upper part of the medial surface of the arm and floor of the axilla
28
Nerve branches from cord: Sensory innervation of the arm and forearm: Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Origin: C8 –T1 Innervates: Sensory skin over biceps brachii, skin over anterior and medial surface of forearm
29
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: Lateral cord (C5 - C7) Innervates : - Muscular branches: muscles in the ant.compartment of the arm - Cutaneous branches: skin on lateral forearm
30
Axillary Nerve
Origin : Posterior cord (C5 - C6) Innervates: - Muscular branches: Deltoid and teres minor - Cutaneous branches: GIve rise to upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm which innervates the skin over the lower deltoid
31
Radial Nerve
Origin Posterior cord (C5 – C8, T1) Innervates: - Muscular branches: Posterior muscles of arm and forearm (triceps brachii, brachioradialis, anconeus, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris) and muscles extending the fingers - Cutaneous branches: Skin of posterolateral surface of the entire limb
32
Median nerve
Origin: from two branches (medical and lateral cord) Supplies: - Muscular branches: flexor muscles of forearm and pronator muscles (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and part of the flexor digitorum profundus, innervated by the ulnar nerve) - Cutaneous branches: SKin of lateral two thirds of hand, dorsum of fingers 2 and 3
33
Ulnar nerve
Origin Medial cord (C8-T1) Supplies: - Muscular branches: Flexor muscles of anterior forearm and intrinsic muscles of hand. Cutaneous branches: Skin of medial third of the hand Via 3 Branches: * Palmar cutaneous branch – innervates the medial half of the palm. * Dorsal cutaneous branch – innervates the dorsal surface of the medial 1 and ½ fingers, and the associated dorsal hand area. * Superficial branch – innervates the palmar surface of medial one and a half fingers
34
Causes of Long Thoracic Nerve (LTN) injury
Traction, compression, and neuralgic amyotrophy
35
Signs of Long Thoracic Nerve (LTN) injury
Winging scapula at rest, with overhead movements, or resisted wall push-ups/push-ups whereby the entire scapula demonstrates winging * Pain around the base of the neck, deltoid, and scapula * Limitation of forward flexion and abduction of the shoulder
36
Where is the radial nerve located in relation to the triceps brachii muscle?
It is tightly bound with the profunda brachii artery between the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle in the radial groove.
37
What can cause radial nerve injury in the arm?
A fracture of the humerus, which may stretch or transect the radial nerve.
38
What are the potential consequences of radial nerve injury?
Permanent damage and loss of function.
39
What is a common motor symptom of radial nerve injury?
Wrist drop due to denervation of the extensor muscles.
40
What is a common sensory symptom of radial nerve injury?
Sensory changes over the dorsum of the hand.
41
What causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
It is caused by pressure on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.
42
What are common causes of increased pressure in the carpal tunnel?
* Overuse * Swelling of tendons and tendon sheaths (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) * Cysts arising from the carpal joints
43
What are the main sensory symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Pain and pins-and-needles sensations in the distribution of the median nerve.
44
What are the main motor symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles.
45
What is Tinel's sign, and how is it related to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Gently tapping over the median nerve at the flexor retinaculum produces symptoms, indicating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Anatomy 1 - Axial (15 decks)

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