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Anatomy 1 - Axial > Practical Exam > Flashcards

Practical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Primary spine stabilizer
-Prevents hyperextension of the
spine

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2
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Primary spine stabilizer
- Prevents hyperextension of the
spine

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3
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
- A primary spine stabilizer
- Prevents hyperflexion and posterior
disc herniation
- Not as strong as the ALL, which is
why posterolateral disc herniations
are more common.

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4
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
- A primary spine stabilizer
- Prevents hyperflexion and posterior
disc herniation
- Not as strong as the ALL, which is
why posterolateral disc herniations
are more common.

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5
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Interspinous Ligament
- Between adjacent spinous processes.
- Thin ligament attaches to another ligament called the ligamentum flavum that runs deep into the spinal column
- Resists excessive flexion.

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6
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Supraspinous Ligament
* Attaches the tip of spinous process
to the other (C7 to the Sacrum)
* Provides additional support against
hyperflexion.

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7
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Ligamentum Flavum (Yellow
ligament)
* Connects the laminae of adjacent
vertebrae.
* Runs from the base of the skull to
the pelvis.
* The strongest

Functions:
* Protects the spinal cord and nerves
* Maintains spinal posture and assists in
returning the spine to neutral position
after flexion.

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8
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Intertransverse Ligament
- Between adjacent transverse
processes
- Resists lateral bending.

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9
Q

What joint is demonstrated?

A

Zygapophyseal/facet joint
- Formed between the superior and the inferior articular processes (zygapophyses) of adjoining vertebrae

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10
Q

What vertebra is demonstrated here?

A

C1 Atlas
* Ring-shaped sitting between
occipital bone and C2
* Function to cradle occiput and
transmit forces to lower C spine
* No vertebral body
* No spinous process

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11
Q

What vertebra is demonstrated here?

A

C2 Axis

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12
Q

What vertebra is demonstrated here?

A

C7
- It has the longest spinous process and not
bifid
- Transverse process is large while its
foramen is small or maybe absent
- Does not transmit the vertebral artery

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13
Q

What vertebra is demonstrated here?

A

Typical cervical vertebra

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14
Q

What joint is demonstrated here?

A

Atlanto-axial joint

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15
Q

What joint is demonstrated here?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

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16
Q

use complete anatomy** What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane:
- A superior continuation of the anterior
longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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17
Q

use complete anatomy** What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
- Corresponds superiorly with the
ligamentum flavum
- Laterally, it blends with the atlantooccipital
joint capsules
- Prevent hyperflexion of the atlas

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18
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Alar Ligament
- Extends from the sides of the dens (C2) to the occipital condyles
- Limits excessive rotation of the head and stabilises the
craniovertebral junction
- Injury to this ligaments can result in increased rotational instability

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19
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Alar Ligament
- Extends from the sides of the dens (C2) to the occipital condyles
- Limits excessive rotation of the head and stabilises the
craniovertebral junction
- Injury to this ligaments can result in increased rotational instability

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20
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Transverse Atlantal ligament
- Stretches across the ring of the atlas, holding the odontoid process (dens) of the axis in place
- Prevents excessive anterior displacement of the atlas on the axis, maintaining stability.

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21
Q

use complete anatomy** What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Cruciate ligament of the Atlas
- Connects the axis, atlas to the occipital
bone of the skull
- Runs from the apex of the dens to the
anterior margin of the foramen magnum
- Consists of transverse ligament of the
atlas and superior and inferior bands
- Maintains atlantoaxial stability by
securing the dens in place.

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22
Q

use complete anatomy** What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Tectorial Membrane
- Broad strong membranes originates from the posterior vertebral body of the C2, covers the dens and its cruciate ligament and inserts at the anterior rim of the foramen magnum
- is continuous with the posterior
longitudinal ligament

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23
Q

use complete anatomy** What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Apical ligament of the Dens
- Connects the tip of the dens to the
anterior margin of the foramen
magnum.
- Provides additional support to the
odontoid process.
- helps in stabilising the atlantoaxial
joint

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24
Q

What ligament is this? What is its function?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae
- A strong, fibrous ligament in the cervical region that plays a crucial role in head and neck stability
- a continuation of the supraspinous
ligament in the cervical spine
- Extends from the spinous process of the C7 to the external occipital protuberance

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25
What muscle group is this? What is its function?
Erector Spinae - It controls flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, and maintains the lumbar curve
26
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Splenius capitis - Origin: Spinous process and nuchal ligament of C7-T3 - Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull (lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line) Action: * Bilateral contraction extend the neck * Unilateral contraction rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side
27
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Splenius cervicis (colli) - Origin: Spinous process T3-T6 - Insertion: Transverse process of axis and C1–C3 Action: * Bilateral contraction extends the neck, * Unilateral contraction rotates and laterally flexes the neck to the same side
28
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Iliocostalis Cervicis (Colli) Origin: Angles of 3rd-6th ribs Insertion: Transverse processes of C4–C6 Action: * Bilateral contraction extends the neck. * Unilateral contraction rotates and laterally flexes the neck to the same side.
29
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Longisimus capitis Origin: Nuchal ligament and transverse processes of C3–T3 Insertion: Mastoid process Action: * Bilateral contraction, it extends the head * Unilateral contraction, it rotates the head to the same side * Unilateral contraction, it laterally flexes the head to the same side
30
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Longissimus Colli Origin: Transverse process T1-T6 Insertion: Posterior tubercles of Transverse processes C2-C6 Action: * Bilateral contraction, it extends the neck * Unilateral contraction, it laterally flexes the neck to the same side
31
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Spinalis Cervicis (Colli) Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T2 Insertion: Spinous processes C2–C4 Action: * Bilateral contraction-- extends the neck * Unilateral contraction, it laterally flexes the neck to the same side
32
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Spinalis Cervicis (Colli) Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T2 Insertion: Spinous processes C2–C4 Action: * Bilateral contraction-- extends the neck * Unilateral contraction, it laterally flexes the neck to the same side
33
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Semispinalis cervicis (colli) Origin: Transverse processes of T1–T5 or T6 Insertion: Spinous processes of C2–C5 Action: * Bilateral contraction, it extends the neck * Unilateral contraction, it laterally flexes the neck to the same side
34
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin: Spinous process of axis (C2). Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of occipital bone. Actions: - Bilateral contraction, it extends the head - Unilateral contraction, it rotates the head to the same side
35
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor - Origin: Posterior arch of the atlas (C1). - Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and adjacent area. - Actions: extends the head
36
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin: Transverse process of atlas (C1). Insertion: Posterior aspect of occipital bone. Action: Laterally flexes and extends
37
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin: Spinous process of axis (C2). Insertion: Transverse process of atlas (C1). Action: Rotates head.
38
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Scalenes Work together to flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head * Include: * Anterior scalene muscle * Middle scalene muscle * Posterior scalene muscle
39
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Sternocleidomastoid - A powerful neck muscle that allows you to bend your neck and turn or tilt your head.
40
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Longus Capitis Origin: Transverse processes of C3–C6 Insertion: Basilar portion of the occipital bone Action: Together, the two sides flex the neck; alone, each rotates head to that side
41
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Longus Colli Origin: Anterior surfaces of C3-T3 Insertion: Anterior aspects of C1-C6 Action: Flexes and/or rotates neck
42
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Rectus Capitis anterior Origin: Anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1) Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone, anterior to the foramen magnum Functions: * Flexion of the head at the atlanto occipital joint (nodding motion) * Assists in stabilizing the head and cervical spine
43
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Origin: Superior surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1) Insertion: Jugular process of the occipital bone Actions; * Lateral flexion of the head (sidebending at the atlanto-occipital joint) * Stabilization of the atlanto-occipital joint
44
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Serratus Anterior - Originates from the 1st to 8th or 9th ribs and inserts at the anterior surface of the scapula - Draws scapula anterolaterally, suspends scapula on thoracic wall, rotates scapula
45
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Serratus Posterior Superior - Elevates the ribs - Run from the vertebral column to the rib cage
46
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Serratus Posterior Inferior - Depresses the ribs - Run from the vertebral column to the rib cage
47
What muscle is this? What is its function?
External Intercostal Muscles Functions: * Elevate the ribs during forced inhalation; accessory respiratory muscles * Maintain the stability of the thoracic cage.
48
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Internal Intercostal Muscles - Originate from the inferior margin of costal cartilage and inner lip of costal groove Functions: * Enable forced expiration by depressing the ribs * Maintain the stability of the thoracic cage.
49
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Innermost Intercostal Muscles - Originate from the inner surface of the costal groove of the ribs, deep to the origin of the internal intercostal muscles. Functions: * Together with internal intercostal muscles enable forced expiration by depressing the ribs * Maintain the stability of the thoracic cage.
50
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Levatores costarum muscles - Consists of 12 small triangular muscles that connect the thoracic vertebrae and the rib - Origins are transverse processes with the adjacent ribs - Insertions are Superior border/external surface of rib one level below origin) - Elevate the ribs
51
What muscle is this?
Transversus Thoracis
52
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Subcostales Muscles - Thin muscles found on the inner surface of the posterior thoracic wall bridging two or three intercostal spaces Functions: * Pull the ribs inferiorly during forced exhalation * Support the intercostal spaces and thoracic cage.
53
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Quadratus Lumborum - Run diagonally from the rib and spine inferiorly and laterally towards iliac crest - Attaches to lumbar transverse processes and 12th rib Functions: * Laterally flexes the trunk * Extend the trunk when both contract * Stabilizes the 12th rib during breathing
54
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Transverse abdominous - Maintaining proper placement of the abdominal contents as well as helping support the lower back
55
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Internal Abdominal Oblique - Flex, laterally flex, and rotate the trunk
56
What muscle is this? What is its function?
External Abdominal Oblique - Help rotate the trunk. Bilateral contraction of EO along with rectus abdominis and internal oblique flexes the trunk by drawing the pubis towards the xiphoid
57
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Rectus Abdominis - Primarily functions to flex the trunk (bending forward), stabilize the pelvis, and compress the abdominal contents
58
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Psoas Minor - Assists in weak flexion of the lumbar spine and contributes to overall lumbopelvic stability
59
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Psoas Major - Attaches to the TP of all lumbar vertebrae extending to the lesser trochanter of the femur - Helps bend the trunk laterally and raises/flexes the trunk from the supine position bilaterally
60
61
What muscle is this? What is its function?
Multifidus muscle - Multifidus lumborum attaches to the mammillary processes extending superiorly to the Spinous process of vertebrae two- five levels above - Actions: Bilateral contraction extends vertebral column, unilateral contraction rotates vertebral column contralateterally

Anatomy 1 - Axial (9 decks)

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