Lecture 12

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

The fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell.

Question 2

anchorage dependence

Answer 2

Cells will only multiply if they are anchored to something

Question 3

benign tumor

Answer 3

non-harmful

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

A method of asexual reproduction
by ?division in half.? In prokaryotes,
binary fission does not involve mitosis, but
in single-celled eukaryotes that undergo binary
fission, mitosis is part of the process.

Question 5

cell cycle

Answer 5

An ordered sequence of events in
the life of a cell, from its origin in the division
of a parent cell until its own division
into two. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed
of interphase (including G1, S, and G2
subphases) and M phase (including mitosis
and cytokinesis).

Question 6

cell division

Answer 6

reproduction of cells

Question 7

cell plate

Answer 7

A membrane-bounded, flattened
sac located at the midline of a dividing plant
cell, inside which the new cell wall forms
during cytokinesis.

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

In a duplicated
chromosome, the region on each sister
chromatid where they are most closely attached
to each other by proteins that bind to
specific DNA sequences; this close attachment
causes a constriction in the condensed
chromosome. (An uncondensed, unduplicated
chromosome has a single centromere,
identified by its DNA sequence.)

Question 9

centrosome

Answer 9

A structure present
in the cytoplasm of animal cells that
functions as a microtubule-organizing center
and is important during cell division. A
centrosome has two centrioles.

Question 10

chromatin

Answer 10

Loose DNA

Question 11

cleavage

Answer 11

site of division.

Question 12

cytokinesis

Answer 12

The division
of the cytoplasm to form two separate
daughter cells immediately after mitosis,
meiosis I, or meiosis II.

Question 13

density?dependent inhibition

Answer 13

Cells will only multiply as much as they need to fill a space

Question 14

G1 phase

Answer 14

The first gap, or growth phase, of
the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
before DNA synthesis begins.

Question 15

G2 phase

Answer 15

The second gap, or growth phase,
of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

Question 16

gamete

Answer 16

Sex Cell

Question 17

genome

Answer 17

The genetic material of an
organism or virus; the complete complement
of an organism?s or virus?s genes along
with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences.

Question 18

interphase

Answer 18

The period in the cell cycle when
the cell is not dividing. During interphase,
cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes
and organelles are duplicated, and
cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts
for about 90% of the cell cycle.

Question 19

kinetochore

Answer 19

Part of the sister chromatid that the mitotic spindle attaches to, seperating them.

Question 20

M phase

Answer 20

The phase of the cell cycle

that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 21

malignant tumor

Answer 21

Harmful Tumor

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

Sex cell division

Question 23

metaphase plate

Answer 23

An imaginary structure
located at a plane midway between the two
poles of a cell in metaphase on which the
centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes
are located.

Question 24

metaphase

Answer 24

The third stage of mitosis, in
which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes,
attached to microtubules at their
kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase
plate.

Question 25

mitosis

Answer 25

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.

Question 26

mitotic phase

Answer 26

M Phase

Question 27

mitotic spindle

Answer 27

An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 28

prometaphase

Answer 28

The second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.

Question 29

prophase

Answer 29

The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact.

Question 30

S phase

Answer 30

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

Question 31

sister chromatids

Answer 31

Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome. Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

Question 32

somatic cell

Answer 32

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.

Question 33

telophase

Answer 33

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.

Question 34

transformation

Answer 34

The conversion of a | normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.

Question 35

tumor

Answer 35

Growth of cancer cells