Lecture 8

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

The energy required to contort the reactant molecules so the bonds can break

Question 2

active site

Answer 2

a restricted region of the enzyme that actually binds to the substrate

Question 3

allosteric site

Answer 3

a specific receptor on the enzyme that is not the active site

Question 4

anabolic pathway

Answer 4

consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

Adenosine Tri Phosphate. Used as primary source of energy.

Question 6

catabolic pathway

Answer 6

release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Question 7

catalyst

Answer 7

a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 8

competitive inhibitor

Answer 8

takes the place of a substrate in the active site

Question 9

endergonic reaction

Answer 9

one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. Endergonic reactions store energy

Question 10

energy

Answer 10

The capacity to cause change, especially to do work

Question 11

entropy

Answer 11

Disorder; Chaos

Question 12

exergonic reaction

Answer 12

Expels Energy

Question 13

feedback inhibition

Answer 13

One of the common methods of metabolic control is?feedback inhibition?in which a metabolic pathway is turned off by its end product

Question 14

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 14

? Energy can be changed from one form to another (can be transferred and transformed), but it cannot be created or destroyed.
? However, energy cannot be created or destroyed
? Example: Plants transform light to chemical energy; they do not produce energy.

Question 15

kinetic energy

Answer 15

is the energy of motion, energy that is actually doing work

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

Cells carry out thousands of chemical reactions
? The sum of these reactions constitutes cellular metabolism
? cellular metabolism = add up all the chemical activities, the reactions, that occur in a cell and the total is cellular metabolism
? The totality of an organism?s chemical reactions is called metabolism.
? A cell?s metabolism is an elaborate road map of the chemical reactions in that cell.

Question 17

noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 17

alters an enzyme?s function by changing its shape

Question 18

phosphorylation

Answer 18

Adding Phosphate. (ATP production)

Question 19

potential energy

Answer 19

Stored Energy

Question 20

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 20

states that every energy transformation must make the universe more disordered
? each time energy is changed some of it is lost to the system
? Energy changes are not 100% efficient
-Energy conversions increase disorder, or entropy
- Some energy is always lost as heat

Question 21

substrate

Answer 21

a reactant which binds to an enzyme

Question 22

thermodynamics

Answer 22

the study of energy transformations