Lecture 4

Question 1

alcohol

Answer 1

An organic compound containing Hydroxyl groups

Question 2

aldehyde

Answer 2

A compound that has a carbonyl group on the end of it’s skeleton

Question 3

amine

Answer 3

An organic compound with amino groups

Question 4

amino group

Answer 4

Compound: Amine
Nitrogen atom attached to 2 H atoms and the skeleton
Acts as a base; ammonia can take H+ from the solution
Amino acids have amino and carboxyl groups

Question 5

carbonyl group

Answer 5

Compound: Ketone (Carbonyl within skeleton)
Aldehyde (Carbonyl group at the end of the skeleton)
O atom joined to C skeleton with a double bond
Isomers with aldehydes vs. ketones have different properties.

Question 6

carboxyl group

Answer 6

Compound: Carboxylic/Organic acid
C atom w/ double bond to O atom and single bond to Hydroxyl group
Acts as an acid. - O charges increase the dissociation of H+

Question 7

carboxylic acid

Answer 7

A compound including a carboxyl group

Question 8

enantiomer

Answer 8

Molecules that are mirror images of each other.

 - L and R handed versions
 - Usually one is biologically active and one is not

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

Components of organic mol’c’s that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.

 - Each functional group behaves consistently across organic Mol'c
 - 6 functional groups: 
      - Hydroxyl
      - Carbonyl
      - Carboxyl
      - Amino
      - Sulfhydryl
      - Phosphate
 - All are hydrophilic

Question 10

geometric isomer

Answer 10

Compounds with the same covalent bonds but differing structure arranged around double bonded C

Question 11

hydrocarbon

Answer 11

Organic mol’c that ONLY consist of H and C atoms

major component of petroleum

Question 12

hydroxyl group

Answer 12

Compound: Alcohol

H forms polar covalent bond w/ O and forms a polar covalent bond w/ the carbon skeleton

Question 13

isomer

Answer 13

compounds w/ same molecular formula but different structures. Thus, different chemical properties.

Question 14

ketone

Answer 14

Compound containing a Carbonyl group that is NOT on the end of the C skeleton
A carbonyl group @ end of skeleton is an aldehyde

Question 15

phosphate group

Answer 15

Compound: Organic Phosphate

 - Phosphorous bound to 4 O atoms
 - Connects to C skeleton 2 w/ one O atom

Question 16

structual isomer

Answer 16

Mol’c with same molecular formula but differ in covalent arrangement of electrons

Question 17

sulfhydryl group

Answer 17

Compound: Thiol
S atom bonded to H and C skeleton
resembles Hydroxyl group in shape
Sulfhydryl groups stabilize structure of proteins

Question 18

thiol

Answer 18

Organic compound containing Sulfhydryl group.