Lecture 14 Flashcards
(21 cards)
alleles
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
codominance
2 dominant alleles
dihybrid cross
crossing 2 hybrid’s. Tall and short, Tall and short.
dominant allele
The allele that will show it’s trait over recessive alleles
F1 generation
The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous)
offspring arising from a parental (P
generation) cross.
F2 generation
The offspring resulting from
interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid
F1 generation.
genotype
The genetic makeup, or
set of alleles, of an organism.
heterozygous
Dominant and recessive alleless
homozygous
only dominant or only recessive alleles
incomplete dominance
when co dominance relates in an intermediate trait. I.e. pink instead of red or white.
law of independent assortment
Mendel?s
second law, stating that each pair of alleles
segregates, or assorts, independently of each
other pair during gamete formation; applies
when genes for two characters are located
on different pairs of homologous chromosomes
or when they are far enough apart on
the same chromosome to behave as though
they are on different chromosomes.
law of segregation
Mendel?s first law, stating
that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate
from each other) into different gametes
during gamete formation.
monohybrid cross
crossing 1 hybrid.
P generation
parental generation
pedigree
A diagram of a family tree with
conventional symbols, showing the occurrence
of heritable characters in parents and
offspring over multiple generations.
phenotype
The observable physical
and physiological traits of an organism,
which are determined by its genetic makeup.
pleiotropy
The ability of a
single gene to have multiple effects.
polygenic inheritance
An
additive effect of two or more genes on a
single phenotypic character.
Punnett square
tool to aid in crossing
recessive allele
will only reveal it’s trait if no dominant traits are present.
trait
the ovservable result of a combination of alleles.
