Lecture 13 Flashcards
Children and Adolescents (7 cards)
What are the three main stages of Growth, Development, and Maturation
Infancy: First year of life.
Childhood: First birthday to puberty.
Adolescence: Puberty to growth completion.
Puberty: Marked by the development of secondary sex characteristics.
How do height and weight change from birth through adolescence?
Birth–2 years: Rapid growth (about 50% of adult height).
2 years–puberty: Slower, steady growth.
Puberty: Growth speeds up again.
Mid-puberty–late teens: Growth slows down.
Peak height growth: Age 12 (girls), 14 (boys).
Peak weight gain: Age 12.5 (girls), 14.5 (boys).
Final height: Around age 16 (girls), 18 (boys).
Bone Density
Bones harden over time (ossification)
Growth plates close when bone growth is complete
Girls mature earlier (mid-teens); boys later (late teens/early 20s
Positives of Calcium and weight-bearing exercise for bone health
Bone mineral density
Prevents osteoporosis later in life
Muscle mass change in children and adolescents?
Muscle mass steadily increases with weight.
At birth, muscle is 25% of body weight.
In young women, it’s 30-35% of body weight (influenced by estrogen).
In young men, it’s 40-45% of body weight (influenced by testosterone).
Muscle mass peaks at 16-20 years for girls and 18-25 years for boys.
Childresn Physiological Response to exercise
- Strength: Muscle’s force ability
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory: Heart and lungs delivering oxygen
Metabolic Function:
- Aerobic capacity (oxygen use)
- Running economy (energy efficiency)
- Anaerobic capacity (work without oxygen)
- Substrate use (fuel types)