Lecture 13 Flashcards

Children and Adolescents (7 cards)

1
Q

What are the three main stages of Growth, Development, and Maturation

A

Infancy: First year of life.

Childhood: First birthday to puberty.

Adolescence: Puberty to growth completion.

Puberty: Marked by the development of secondary sex characteristics.

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2
Q

How do height and weight change from birth through adolescence?

A

Birth–2 years: Rapid growth (about 50% of adult height).

2 years–puberty: Slower, steady growth.

Puberty: Growth speeds up again.

Mid-puberty–late teens: Growth slows down.

Peak height growth: Age 12 (girls), 14 (boys).

Peak weight gain: Age 12.5 (girls), 14.5 (boys).

Final height: Around age 16 (girls), 18 (boys).

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3
Q

Bone Density

A

Bones harden over time (ossification)

Growth plates close when bone growth is complete

Girls mature earlier (mid-teens); boys later (late teens/early 20s

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4
Q

Positives of Calcium and weight-bearing exercise for bone health

A

Bone mineral density

Prevents osteoporosis later in life

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5
Q

Muscle mass change in children and adolescents?

A

Muscle mass steadily increases with weight.

At birth, muscle is 25% of body weight.
In young women, it’s 30-35% of body weight (influenced by estrogen).
In young men, it’s 40-45% of body weight (influenced by testosterone).
Muscle mass peaks at 16-20 years for girls and 18-25 years for boys.

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6
Q

Childresn Physiological Response to exercise

A
  • Strength: Muscle’s force ability
  • Cardiovascular & Respiratory: Heart and lungs delivering oxygen

Metabolic Function:
- Aerobic capacity (oxygen use)
- Running economy (energy efficiency)
- Anaerobic capacity (work without oxygen)
- Substrate use (fuel types)

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7
Q
A
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