Lecture 4

Question 1

What is meant by the term Acute

Answer 1

A short-term response to exercise

The body reacts during or right after exercise, then returns to normal

Eg heart rate increases during a run

Question 2

What is meant by the term Chronic

Answer 2

Consistent exercise over a long period of time where the body adapts to the training loads imposed on it.

Question 3

Acute Responses to Exercises
Cardiovascular

Answer 3

Cardiovascular
Acute responses to exercise
* Increased Heart rate (HR)
* Increased Stroke volume (SV)
* Increased Cardiac output (Q)
* Increased Blood pressure (BP)
* Redistribution of blood flow

Question 4

Acute Responses to Exercises
Respiratory

Answer 4

Respiratory
↑ Tidal volume (more air per breath)

↑ Respiratory rate (more breaths per minute)

↑ VO₂ (oxygen uptake)

↑ a-v O₂ difference (more oxygen taken from blood by muscles)

Question 5

Chronic Responses to Exercises
Cardiovascular

Answer 5

Cardiovascular

• Bigger and stronger heart (↑ LV size & wall thickness)
• More blood pumped per beat (↑ stroke volume)
• More blood pumped overall (↑ cardiac output)
• More blood in the body (↑ plasma & red blood cells)
• Lower resting heart rate

Question 6

Chronic Responses to Exercises
Respiratory

Answer 6

1. Increased Maximum ventilation (VE):
The most air you can breathe in and out in one minute.

2. Increased VO₂max:
The highest amount of oxygen your body can use during exercise.

3. Increased Capillarisation (angiogenesis):
Growth of more tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the lungs and muscles.

4. Increased Capillary transit time:
How long blood stays in lung capillaries to pick up oxygen.

Question 7

How do you find 60% of HR Max?

Answer 7

220- age
x 0.60

Question 8

What is Bradycardia and Tachycardia?

Answer 8

Bradycardia: Resting heart rate below 60 bpm (common in highly trained athletes)

Tachycardia: Resting heart rate above 100 bpm

Question 9

What is storke Volume and how measure?

Answer 9

Amount of blood squeezed out of the heart each beat
How to measure: EDV - ESV

Question 10

Frank Starling Mechanism?

Answer 10

Greater the amount of blood returning to the heart the more ventricle strecthes and the more forcefully it contracts

Question 11

Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 11

Amount of blood pumped out of the heart a minute

Question 12

What does Q represent?

Answer 12

Cardiac Output

Question 13

Is Diastolic or Systolic higher?

Answer 13

Systolic always higher
Diastolic usually constant

Question 14

What is tidal volume?

Answer 14

Depth of each breath

Question 15

What is respiratory rate?

Answer 15

Number of breathes per minute