Lecture 2

Question 1

Define what ATP is

Answer 1

ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.

It is known as the “energy currency” of the body because it is the only fuel used directly by skeletal muscles for contraction.

Continually regenerate from ADP

Question 2

Explain the ATP-PC system

Answer 2

Smallest potential energy source.

Skeletal muscle ATP store is very small.

ATP must be continually regenerated from ADP.

Approximately 5-7 seconds of ATP resynthesis.

Low capacity but very high power system.

Instantaneous activation.

Rate of energy production declines after several seconds of high-intensity activity due to PCr depletion.

Question 3

Explain the GLYCOLYTIC/LACTIC ACID (SHORT TERM) SYSTEM

Answer 3

Uses glucose/glycogen to make ATP without oxygen (anaerobic)

Fast energy with high power, but medium capacity

Quick to start

Build-up of lactic acid causes fatigue if used too long

Question 4

Explain the OXYGEN (LONG TERM) SYSTEM

Answer 4

• Breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and sometimes proteins
• Produces lots of ATP (energy) but at a slower rate
• Supports endurance activities like jogging, cycling, and swimming
• 2-3 minute lag time to get up to speed.
  – due to complex energy pathways.
• Unsuitable major energy supplier during high-intensity ex.
• Smallest contribution to energy production during high-intensity short term exercise.
  – 100 metre sprint - 95-98% ATP-PC; 2-5% LA; negligible O2

Question 5

Energy System - Times

Answer 5

ATP - PC > 1-10s > Sprints
Lactic Acid > 10 - 90s > 400m
Aerobic > >3mins > Marathon

Question 6

Which Energy System used depends on?

Answer 6

1. Duration
2. Intensity
3. Continuous or Intermittent

Question 7

The Process of Glycolysis (LAS)

Answer 7

First 3 steps
Sugar activation
* The glucose is prepared to be split (cost 2 ATP)

Sugar Clevage
* Where it is broken in half and prepared for energy production

**Energy Production **
* Goes through a series of chemical reactions producing bi products and 4 ATP

End product is Pyruvate

10 steps but only need to know these 3

Question 8

Glycolysis (Krebs Cycle)

Answer 8

1. Pyruvate when oxygen is available goes into mitochondria and becomes Acetyl CoA
2. The Acetyl CoA goes into krebs cycle and a metric ton of chemical reactions happen
3. But it produces a bunch of NADH, FADH, some ATP and uses water and spits out Co2

Question 9

Where does anaerobic and aerobic metabolism take place?

Answer 9

Anaerobic = Cytoplasm
Aerobic = Mitochondria

Question 10

Where is Phosphocreatine Stored?

Answer 10

Stored inside muslce tissue, in the cells.

Question 11

What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is available?

Answer 11

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-CoA, which goes into the Krebs cycle

Question 12

What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is not available?

Answer 12

Pyruvate is converted into lactate (lactic acid) to allow energy production to continue during intense exercise.

Question 13

What is Lactate Threshold?

Answer 13

Lactate threshold is the point during intense exercise when lactate (lactic acid) starts to build up quickly in the blood.

Question 14

Does soccer use the aerobic or anaerobic sytem?

Answer 14

Both
High intensity components will be driven anaerobically
Low intensity components will be driven aerobically

Question 15

What is the defintion of Vo2 max?

Answer 15

VO₂ max is the maximum amount of oxygen the heart and lungs can deliver to the muscles, and that the muscles can use during intense exercise.

Question 16

How is Vo2 Max expressed?

Answer 16

L/min

Question 17

What affects Vo2 max values?

Answer 17

Gender, genetics, volume of training and quality of training

Question 18

Tests that be done to test Vo2 max?

Answer 18

Rockport Walk
3.2km run
Beep Test
Yoyo test