Lecture 13: Food Marketing and Regulatory Requirements

Question 1

What factors influence the food market

Answer 1

Demographics, consumption patterns, food outlets, branding issues, international food markets, government programs

Question 2

How do lower birth rates in developed countries impact food demand

Answer 2

Lower demand for school lunch boxes and baby food

Question 3

Food outlets, price and convenience

Answer 3

Sources of prepared foods broadening, made to order and food is increasingly being consumed outside of home, prices take a back seat to convenience

Question 4

What happens to price of agricultural products when production increases

Answer 4

Price drops

Question 5

What percentage of price per raw farm product goes to farmer

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What does organic mean

Answer 6

Raw or processed agricultural product sold, labeled or represented as organic must contain not less than 95% organically produced raw or processed agricultural products

Products without: genetic engineering, ionizing radiation, synthetic pesticides, or chemical fertilizer

Question 7

What is the organic livestock standard in mammals

Answer 7

Managed organically from last 3rd of gestation

Question 8

What is the organic livestock standards for poultry

Answer 8

Managed organically from 2nd day of life

Question 9

What are general organic livestock standards

Answer 9

Allowed year round access to outdoors, raised on certified organic land and fed 100% organic feed, no use of drugs to prevent disease/parasites, treatment in illness is allowed but meat, milk, or eggs can’t be marketed as organic

Question 10

Who enforces products being organic

Answer 10

USDA NOP

Question 11

What does USDA NOP certifiers do

Answer 11

Inspect farms, investigate alleged violations, sample for prohibited substances

Question 12

Is organic better (health and safety wise)

Answer 12

No evidence that suggests it is healthier but it may be safer as it reduces exposure to pesticides and antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 13

Is organic better for the environment?

Answer 13

Soil building practices- crop rotation, cover crops, organic fertilizers, less pollution of ground water with pesticides, contribute to biodiversity, BUT inefficient

Question 14

Raised “cage free”

Answer 14

Poultry raised for meat in U.S. aren’t raised in cages

Question 15

No hormones or steroids added

Answer 15

Federal regulations have prohibited this for decades

Question 16

Why was the USDA food and nutrition service established

Answer 16

Help low income households and increase consumption of agricultural surplus products

Question 17

How was the food stamp legislation under the Farm Bill originally degraded and what was the solution

Answer 17

Originally degraded by purchase of non-nutritive foods but in 2014 Farm Bill was expanded authorized SNAP retailers to provide incentives for purchase of fresh fruits/vegetables

Question 18

Why do we important foods

Answer 18

Some more economical, niche markets in US, perceived to be better

Question 19

How many federal agencies monitor laws related to food safety

Answer 19

15- which can pose challenges to ensuring food safety

Question 20

What organizations does food safety regulation in the US primarily fall under

Answer 20

FDA and USDA-FSIS

Question 21

What organization creates the food code that provides model provisions for regulating retail and food service entities that most local and county health departments adopt

Answer 21

FDA

Question 22

What are some food safety challenges

Answer 22

Increasing fraction of US food is imported, consumers are eating more raw foods, increasing fraction of Americans are immunocomprimised, president assigns multiple agencies to safeguard food supply and none have central authority, food recalls are coordinated by FDA, USDA, and CDC

Question 23

What are the departments in presidents cabinet for food safety

Answer 23

Agriculture, commerce, and health and human services

Question 24

What are the sub departments of US department of agriculture

Answer 24

FSIS and APHIS

Question 25

USDA food safety and inspection services (FSIS)

Answer 25

Protects public from foodborne illness and ensuring meat, poultry and egg products are safe

Question 26

What does FSIS oversee

Answer 26

Domestic and imported meat and poultry, products that contain meat or poultry- stews, pizza, and frozen foods, processed eggs, catfish

Question 27

Who is the primary food regulatory agency within the USDA

Answer 27

FSIS

Question 28

Federal meat inspection act

Answer 28

Requires the usda to inspect all food animals when slaughtered and processed, ensures foreign products are processed under equivalent US standards

Question 29

Poultry products inspection act

Answer 29

Provides inspection of poultry and poultry products, regulates processing and distribution of poultry to prevent sale of misbranded or adulterated products, ensures foreign products are processed under equivalent US standards

Question 30

Egg products inspection act

Answer 30

Provides for the inspection of certain egg products, qualities, and uniform standard for eggs, regulates processing and distribution of egg and egg products

Question 31

USDA-APHIS

Answer 31

Responsible for production and transportation (pre-slaughter), border inspection and quarantine, veterinary services, animal health and international services

Question 32

What are the veterinary services provided under USDA-APHIS

Answer 32

Chief veterinary office and national animal disease surveillance

Question 33

What are the sub departments under US department of health and human services

Answer 33

FDA and CDC

Question 34

FDA food, drug and cosmetic act

Answer 34

Tightened controls over food and drugs and enhanced governments ability to enforce the law Law has been amended 100 times

Question 35

What does FDA have regulatory authority over

Answer 35

Shell eggs, bottled water, wine less than 7% alcohol, pet and livestock foods, veterinary drugs, infant formulas, dietary supplements, adulteration and misbranding of food, drugs and cosmetics

Question 36

In what ways does the FDA enforce food safety regulations

Answer 36

Production standards, inspections, analysis of samples, monitor animal drugs and feed used in food-producing animals, develop model codes, mandates to recall unsafe food, education and outreach

Question 37

FDA food safety modernization act (FSMA)

Answer 37

2011- law to protect public health more effectively by strengthening food safety system by focusing on preventing food safety problems before they occur, foodborne illness and outbreak surveillance systems

Question 38

Who is tasked for foodborne illness and outbreak surveillance system

Answer 38

FDA and CDC

Question 39

what is foodnet

Answer 39

Collaborative project starting from CDC with FDA and USDA

Question 40

CDC and FSMA

Answer 40

Investigates foodborne disease outbreaks, research and education, enforcement authority for cruise ship sanitation

Question 41

National marine fisheries service

Answer 41

Part of the department of commerce, management of living marine resources

Question 42

Environmental protection agency (EPA)

Answer 42

Regulates authority for pesticides and toxins by deterring safety of new products, setting tolerance levels for residues in food

Question 43

Who establishes safe drinking water standards

Answer 43

EPA

Question 44

Who would handle the breeding of hens and producing of eggs on farm

Answer 44

USDA:APHIS

Question 45

Who would handle the cleaning and packaging of eggs at processing plants

Answer 45

USDA

Question 46

Who would handle transporting eggs to wholesalers and retailers

Answer 46

FDA

Question 47

Who would handle the handling and preparing eggs at restaurants, institution and homes

Answer 47

State and municipal health departments

Question 48

Who handles shelled eggs

Answer 48

FDA

Question 49

Who handles broken eggs

Answer 49

FSIS

Question 50

Who regulates pasta

Answer 50

FDA

Question 51

Who handles meat sauce

Answer 51

USDA

Question 52

Who inspects chicken soup

Answer 52

USDA

Question 53

Who regulates egg beaters

Answer 53

FDA

Question 54

Who regulates meat on sandwich as long as it contains 50% cooked meat

Answer 54

USDA

Question 55

Who regulates sandwich with meat if less than 50% is cooked

Answer 55

FDA

Question 56

Who regulates pepperoni pizza

Answer 56

USDA

Question 57

Who regulates a cheese pizza

Answer 57

FDA

Question 58

What is the food safety working group

Answer 58

Organization to promote the collaboration and formation of one food safety agency, but is no longer meeting

Question 59

World trade organization sanitary and phytosanitary organization

Answer 59

States that to harmonize sanitary and phytosanitary measures on as wide a basis as possible, members base their measures on international standards

Question 60

WOAH

Answer 60

World organization for animal health- guidelines for WTO sanitary and phytosanitary agreement

Question 61

FAO/WHO

Answer 61

Standard setting organization for food safety- used in WTO sanitary and phytosanitary agreement

Question 62

Codex alimentarius

Answer 62

Aka food code- collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice relating to food safety and quality

Question 63

Codex alimentarious commission

Answer 63

Established in 1963 by FAO and WHO to protect consumer health and promote fair practices in food trade

Question 64

Office international de Epizooties (OIE)

Answer 64

Now WOAH OIE is the intergovernmental organization responsible for improving animal health worldwide