Lecture 24: livestock associated diseases

Question 1

what is causative agent for anthrax

Answer 1

bacillus anthrasis

Question 2

where is anthrax bacteria found

Answer 2

soil (favor alkaline soils with high calcium and magnesium)

Question 3

what species is primarily affected by anthrax

Answer 3

ruminants

Question 4

what are clinical signs of anthrax

Answer 4

fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, depression, convulsions

often ruminants found dead with bleeding from natural orifices

pigs tend to have edema of head

Question 5

how to control anthrax in animals

Answer 5

vaccinate in endemic areas, quarantine, hygiene and proper carcass disposal, do not open carcasses suspected of anthrax

Question 6

how is anthrax transmitted to humans

Answer 6

contact with infected tissues or animal products

*not contagious

Question 7

what are the 3 forms of transmission for anthrax

Answer 7

inhalation–> respiratory form
ingestion–> GI form
contact with skin wounds–> cutaneous form

Question 8

how to prevent anthrax in humans

Answer 8

antibiotics, precautions when handling suspected tissues, control importation of meat and animal products

Question 9

anthrax has been associated with the importation of what

Answer 9

hides

Question 10

what is the causative agent of bovine TB

Answer 10

mycobacterium bovis

Question 11

how is bovine TB transmitted

Answer 11

respiratory or ingestion

Question 12

besides cattle, other hosts for what disease are considered to be dead end hosts

Answer 12

bovine TB

Question 13

what are some animal reservoirs for TB

Answer 13

deer, brush tailed opossums, badgers, bison and kudu

Question 14

what are some clinical signs of bovine TB

Answer 14

primarily affects respiratory system and associated lymph nodes, can be disseminated to other organs

Question 15

what are public health veterinarians and USDA-FSIS personnel requires to do during post mortem inspection of suspected bovine TB

Answer 15

incise lymph nodes

Question 16

how to control bovine TB in animals

Answer 16

eradication programs, routine testing in dairy cattle, postmortem inspection

Question 17

how is mycobacterium bovis transmitted to humans

Answer 17

eating or drinking contaminated unpasteurized dairy products, direct contact with a wound

Question 18

what are some symptoms in humans causes by mycobacterium bovis

Answer 18

fever, night sweats, and weight loss

Question 19

what is the most pathogenic invasive species for brucellosis

Answer 19

B. melitensis

Question 20

how do humans get infected with brucellosis

Answer 20

contact with infected animals, consumption of their products (milk and cheese)

Question 21

what are some clinical signs of brucellosis

Answer 21

infertility, abortions, epididymitis

Question 22

how to control for brucellosis in animals

Answer 22

vaccination for cattle, testing and culling

Question 23

how to control brucellosis in humans

Answer 23

person to person transmission RARELY occurs, vaccination of cows, training of personnel on handling livestock abortions, training on handling vaccines

Question 24

what is the causative agent in cryptosporidosis

Answer 24

cryptospordium (coccidian parasite)

Question 25

what form of cryptosporidosis is commonly associated with disease in animals

Answer 25

C. parvum

Question 26

what species is cryptosporidiosis typically seen in

Answer 26

dairy calves or lambs

Question 27

how is cryptosporidiosis transmitted in calves

Answer 27

ingestion of oocysts

Question 28

what is a major sign of cryptosporiodosis in cows

Answer 28

diarrhea

Question 29

what is the number one cause of diarrhea in dairy cows in U.S.

Answer 29

C. parvum (cryptosporiodosis)

Question 30

how to prevent cryptosporidosis

Answer 30

no specific treatment, disinfect and ensure passive transfer of immunity- feeding colustrum

Question 31

what are some symptoms of cryptosporidiosis in humans

Answer 31

diarrhea, may be fatal in immunocompromised

Question 32

what disease causes stunted growth in children

Answer 32

cryptosporidiosis

Question 33

what is the causative agent of Q fever

Answer 33

bacteriu coxiella burnetii

Question 34

C. burnetii naturally infects what species

Answer 34

sheep, goats, and cattle

Question 35

Q fever typically causes what in livestock

Answer 35

abortion

Question 36

how is C. burnetii bacteria shed

Answer 36

birth products, urine, feces and milk

Question 37

how can people get Q fever

Answer 37

breathing in dust that has been contaminated with animal feces, urine, milk and birth products

Question 38

what are some symptoms of Q fever in humans

Answer 38

flu like symptoms pregnant women at risk for miscarriage, still birth, pre-term delivery or low infant birth weight

Question 39

how to control for Q fever

Answer 39

avoid contact with animal around parturition, don't consume raw milk or products

Question 40

in what states is Q fever notifiable

Answer 40

all!

Question 41

what is the causative agent for contagious echtherma (orf)

Answer 41

parapoxvirus (poxvirus)

Question 42

what species is parapoxvirus typically present in

Answer 42

sheep and goats

Question 43

how can humans get Org

Answer 43

contamination of wounds when in contact with infected tissue, animals or fomites

Question 44

how to prevent orf in animals

Answer 44

vaccine

Question 45

how to prevent orf in humans

Answer 45

PPE

Question 46

what is causative agent of leptospirosis

Answer 46

leptospira

Question 47

what are clinical signs of leptospirosis in cattle

Answer 47

acute deaths (uncommon), abortions, blood tinged urine, blood in milk, infertility and early embryonic deaths

Question 48

how to control leptospirosis in animals

Answer 48

vaccines and minimizing access to widlife

Question 49

how can humans become infected with leptospirosis

Answer 49

urine or other body fluids from infected animals, contact with water, soil or food contaminated with urine from infected animals

Question 50

what are some clinical signs of leptospirosis in humans

Answer 50

high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain

Question 51

how to prevent leptospirosis in people

Answer 51

avoid contact with soil or animals that are potentially affected, PPE