Lecture 15

Question 1

what is social psychology

Answer 1

examines human behaviour in a social context

studies of how people influence others behaviour, belief and attitudes

Question 2

social influence is via what 3 factors

Answer 2

interactions between people

situational factors

social norms

Question 3

what are the problems with common sense

Answer 3

often ambiguous, contradictory or incorrect

Question 4

common sense is affected by what effect

Answer 4

hindsight effect

Question 5

what is social cognition

Answer 5

process by which people select, interpret and remember social information

Question 6

what is social perception

Answer 6

process by which people come to understand and categorise the behaviour of others

Question 7

what is social interaction

Answer 7

processes at play in interaction with others

Question 8

what are attributions

Answer 8

explanations for why people behave the way they do

Question 9

what 4 factors influence the formation of impressions

Answer 9

social roles/norms

physical activity

stereotypes

attitudes

Question 10

what are the 4 processes of social influence

Answer 10

obedience

conformity

social norms

bystander effect

Question 11

what is obedience in terms of social influence

Answer 11

adherence to instructions from those of higher authority

Question 12

what 2 things was milgram’s obedience study trying to investigate

Answer 12

how far people would go in following orders from a authority figure

whether situational forces can engulf anyone

Question 13

what were the results of milgram’s obedience study

Answer 13

people will obey an order, ignoring their conscience, if they believe it comes from an legitimate authority

Question 14

what are the 6 situational influences that were manipulated in the milgram experiment

Answer 14

proximity of learner

touch proximity

proximity to experimenter

dissent/second experimenter

less presitigious setting

indirect administration of shock

Question 15

what is the effect of the proximity of the learner in terms of the milgram experiment

Answer 15

subjects were less likely to use high levels of shock when the learner was in the same room

Question 16

what is the effect of proximity to the experimenter in terms of the milgram experiment

Answer 16

subjects were more likely to disobey when the experimenter was remote

Question 17

what is the effect of dissent/second experimenter in terms of the milgram experiment

Answer 17

when other subjects dissented to give shock, subjects were more likely to shock the learner

Question 18

what is the effect of less prestigious setting in terms of the milgram experiment

Answer 18

less compliance

Question 19

what is the effect of indirect administration of shock in terms of the milgram experiment

Answer 19

highest compliance

Question 20

what are 5 cognitive factors that influence obedience

Answer 20

normative influences

informational influences

abiguity of situation

confusion about how to dissent

obedience to authority a social norm

Question 21

what are normative influences

Answer 21

group effect that arise from individual desire to be liked accepted and approved of by others

Question 22

what are informational influences

Answer 22

group effects that arise form the individuals desire to be correct and right and to understand how best to act in a given situation

Question 23

what is ambiguity of situation

Answer 23

if confused about how to behave we look for cues and are likely to do what experts tell us

Question 24

what is confusion about how to dissent

Answer 24

if attempts to dissent do not satisfy authority > confusion

Question 25

what is obedience to authority a social norm

Answer 25

largely taught to obey authority without question from childhood

Question 26

what are social norms

Answer 26

the expectation a group has for its members regarding acceptable and appropriate attitudes and behaviours

Question 27

what is conformity

Answer 27

tendency of people to alter their behaviour or attitude as a result of group pressure going along with crowd and accomodate standards/values of peers or group

Question 28

what did Asch's conformity study results show

Answer 28

3/4 of participants conformed with false majority at least once in 12 trials 1/3 of participants agreed with false majority in half or more of trials

Question 29

what are 3 cognitive/psychological influences on conformity

Answer 29

normative influence 'asch' effect informational influence personality

Question 30

what is normative influence 'asch' effect

Answer 30

like to be liked

Question 31

what is informational intelligence

Answer 31

likes to be right

Question 32

what is personality in terms of cognitive/psych influences on conformity

Answer 32

those with low self esteem are more likely to conform

Question 33

what are 3 factors of social influence on conformity

Answer 33

uniformity of agreement/dissention culture group size

Question 34

how does uniformity of agreement/dissention influence conformity

Answer 34

if one confederate dissented from group, subject is less likely to conform

Question 35

how does culture influence conformity

Answer 35

people from collectivist cultures are more likely to cofnorm

Question 36

how does group size influence conformity

Answer 36

large group elicit more conformity

Question 37

what are social roles

Answer 37

socially defined pattern of behaviour that is expected of a person when functioning in a given setting or group

Question 38

what are social rules

Answer 38

provide behavioral guidelines for specific settings implicit/explicit

Question 39

what is deindividuation

Answer 39

makes people more vulnerable to social influence

Question 40

what did social roles experiment/stanford prison experiment investigate

Answer 40

power of social roles and tested fundamental attribution error

Question 41

what is the bystander effect

Answer 41

the decrease in offers of assistance that occurs as number of bystanders increases

Question 42

bystanders are less likely to help in what situations and what situation makes bystanders act most quickly

Answer 42

bystanders who feel anonymous (part of a large crowd) are less likely to help bystanders act most quickly in 2 person groups

Question 43

what is diffusion of responsibility

Answer 43

diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible