Lecture 15: Muscular System I (Head&Neck) Flashcards
How are muscles named?
Shape: rhomboid, deltoid, trapezius
Location: pectoralis, intercostal
Attachments: SCM
# Heads: biceps brachii, quadriceps femoris
Fxn: extensor, erector
Direction of fibres: transversus abdominis
Size: gluteus maximus
-Origin-attachment of muscle that remains stationary
Insertion- attachment of muscle that moves
Fxn: moving insertion towards origin or putting them in same plane
**Inervation: Peripheral component of somatic nervous system
what is origin vs insertion of muscle
-Origin-attachment of muscle that remains stationary
Insertion- attachment of muscle that moves
what are the superficial muscles of head
superficial= attach skin of face/head
3 divions- orbital, nose, oral
Occipital belly: skin back of head. attached to other belly by Epicranial Aponeurosis(
Occipitifrontalis (epicranius)- made of occipital and frontal belly. frontal lifts eyebrows
orbicularis oculi: surrounds orbit, closes eyelids. keeps nasolacrimal duct open
Nasalis: joins contraleateral muscle, forms bridge. compresses onse/widen nostrils (for breathing)
orbicularis oris: oral cavity. attachs to upper and lower jaw. makes core of lips.
explain masseter
deep muscle of face ! originates from zygomatic arch. inserts to lateral ramus of mandible. innvervated by CNV (mandibular division)
label. explain.
ALL DEEP MUSCLES
middle: temporalis. coronoid process of mandible is insertion point
bottom left: medial pterygoid. deep in mandible, arise from pterygoid process of sphenoid. inserts into medial surface of ramus. vertical fibres, therefore elevats mandible
right: lateral pterygoid. pulls mandible forward (protractio). horizontal fibres
label. explain
left=optic nerve
middle= levator palpebrae superioris. lifts upper eyelid. ***only muscle with dual nerve supply: CNIII and Symp. fibres from TI
right: extraocular muscles (innervated by CNIII, IV, VI)
label. explain
A: Palatal Muscles: sit in soft palate. contract & elevate palate to prevent food getting into nose (aid in swallowing). supplied by CNX
B: Laryngeal elevators: lift up pharynx (attached to larynx) to prevent food entering
C: Pharyngeal constrictors: push down bolus
which nerve supplies muscles of pharynx?
CNX
what is the pharynx
muscular tube, 10 cm
base of skull until 6th Cervical Vertebrae, where it is continuous with esophagus
what is larynx
air passageway
label. explain
A: Styloid Process
B: Intrinsic tongue muscle: both attachments in tongue
C: Mandible
D: Extrinsic tongue muscles: originate outside tongue (i.e. mandible, temporal)
E: Hyoid bone
how many muscles are in tongue? which CN are they innervated by
19
CNXII
what is the fxn of intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
change tension of vocal cords, change pitch by changing position cartilage.
innervated by CNX
what are these
intrinsic laryngeal muscles
label and explain innvervation
A: Suprahyoid muscles: innervated by CNV, VII
B: hyoid bone
C: infrahyoid muscles: innervated by Ansa Cervicalis
D: SCM: Innervated by CNXI
what muscles are these? are they deep or superficial
= scalenes
deep muscles
3 pairs.
original insertion is cervical vertebrae. insert into rib 1 and 2
fxn= elevate first two ribs.
“accessory respiratory muscles”. helps with inspiration
innervated by brachial plexus branches
what muscles are these? are they deep or superficial? what are they innervated by?
= scalenes
deep muscles
3 pairs.
original insertion is cervical vertebrae. insert into rib 1 and 2
fxn= elevate first two ribs.
“accessory respiratory muscles”. helps with inspiration
innervated by cervical spinal nerves
