Lecture 24: Lower Respiratory System

Question 1

what are the single cartilages of the larynx

Answer 1

1. thyroid
   2.cricoid
   3.epiglottis

Question 2

explain thyroid cartilage

Answer 2

largest laryngeal cartilage formed by two
laminae that are fused anteriorly to form laryngeal eminence (Adam’s
apple) in front of the neck but widely open posteriorly

Question 3

Answer 3

1.hyoid
2. thyroid cartilage
3. laryngeal prominence
4.cricoid
5.epiglottis

Question 4

what does the thyrohyoid membrae connect

Answer 4

superior border thyroid cratlge to hyoid bone

Question 5

what does cricythyroid membrane connect

Answer 5

inferior border thyroid cartilage to cricoid cartilage

Question 6

explain cricoid cartilage

Answer 6

most inferior cartilage of larynx, resembles a ring with its lamina facing posterioyl. articulates with artenoid carilage superiorly. inferior border conencts to first cartilage ring of trachea via cricotracheal ligament

Question 7

label 1-5

Answer 7

1. epiglottis
2. thyrohyoid membrane
3. cuneiform cartilage
4. corniculate cartilage
5. arytenoid carilage

(paired cartilages)

Question 8

label 6-10

Answer 8

6. cricoid carilag
   7.tracheal cartilage
   8.hyoid
   9.vestibular fold
   10.thyroid cartilage
   11.vocal fold

Question 9

what are the paired laryngeal cartilages

Answer 9

artenoid
corniculate
cuneiforms

Question 10

what does arytenoid carilage articulate with

Answer 10

cricoid cartilage

vocal ligaments, intrinisic muscles

Question 11

how is inner larynx subdivided

Answer 11

1. vestibule (above vestibular cord)
2. ventricle (size of it determines pitch)
3. infraglottic (below true vocal cord)

Question 12

Answer 12

a. base tongue
b. epiglottis
c. vestibular fold
4. vocal cord
3. arytenoid carilage

Question 13

why doesnt posterior side trachea have cartilage

Answer 13

swallowing

Question 14

what is point of division trachea called

Answer 14

carina.
also end point trachea (sternal andlge/ TIV/V)

Question 15

what are the 3 branches called after trachea

Answer 15

1. primary/main bronchus
2. secondary/lobar bronchus
3. tertiary/segmental bronchus

Question 16

Answer 16

1. apex
2. horizontal fissue (only in R lung0
3. cardiac notch (only L)
4. oblique fissure

Question 17

how many lobes on R lung? l?

Answer 17

3 on right: superior, inferior, middle

2 on left (no middle)

Question 18

what are the three suraces of lung

Answer 18

anterior, posterior, inferior

Question 19

what is hilum of lungs

Answer 19

medial surface

pulmonary vein, artery, and bronchus pass thru

Question 20

when does conducting zone turn into respiratory zone?

Answer 20

respiratory bronchioles are first division of respiratory zone. generation 17

Question 21

pleura of lungs

Answer 21

parietal: lines chest wall (somatic nerves)
visceral: lines lung tissue (visceral nerves, dull pain)

gap= pleural cavity

Question 22

what is the lower border of lungs?

Answer 22

medially= rib 6
laterally=rib 8
posteriorly rib 10

Question 23

what is lower border of pleura

Answer 23

laterally=rib 10
poseterioly= rib 12

Question 24

costodiaphragmaic recess

Answer 24

largest pleural recess (reflection site)

formed btw costal and diaphragmatic parts of parietal pleura